Child Protection Services ( CPS ) is the name of a government agency in many U.S. states that is responsible for child protection, which includes responding to child abuse or negligence reports. Some countries use other names, often trying to reflect more family-centered practices (not child-centered), such as "Children's Department & Family Services" (DCFS). CPS is also known as the "Department of Social Services" (DSS) or simply "Social Services."
List of Other Names and Acronyms for CPS:
- Department of Children and Family - DCF
- Department of Children and Family Services - DCFS
- Department of Social Services - DSS
- Department of Human Services - DHS
CPS/DCF is a department under the State Health and Human Services organization.
Video Child Protective Services
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Federal
U.S. federal laws governing CPS agents include:
- Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment (CAPTA)
- Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
- the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act (MEPA)
- Secure Family Adoption and Act (ASFA)
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504)
- Title II of America with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
- 42 U.S.C. Section 1983, and depending on the circumstances of 1985.
Maps Child Protective Services
History
In 1690, in what is now America, there is a criminal court case involving child abuse. In 1692, states and cities identified treatment for abused and neglected children as the responsibility of local governments and private agencies. In 1696, the British Empire first used the legal principle of parens patriae, which provided royal crown care, charities, idiots, and crazy people back to their homes. This basic principle of parens patriae has been identified as the legal basis for US government intervention in the practice of raising a family child.
In 1825, states enacted laws that gave social welfare agencies the right to remove abandoned children from their parents and from the streets. These children are placed in almshouses, in orphanages and with other families. In 1835, the Human Society established the National Federation of Child Rescue Agencies to investigate child abuse. At the end of the 19th century, private child protection agencies - modeled after existing animal protection organizations - were developed to investigate child molestation reports, present cases in court and advocate for child welfare legislation.
In 1853, the Children's Aid Foundation was established in response to the problems of orphaned or displaced children living in New York City. Rather than allowing these children to be institutionalized or to continue living on the streets, the children are housed in the first "foster" homes, usually with the intention of helping these families work in their fields as slave labor.
In 1874, the first case of child abuse was criminally charged in what came to be known as the "Mary Ellen case." Anger over the case began an organized effort against child molestation In 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt convened the White House Conference on Childhood Dependence, which created a publicly funded volunteer organization to "build and publicize childcare standards." In 1926, 18 states had multiple versions of the regional welfare council whose purpose was to coordinate public-private and public-related work. The issue of harassment and neglect was discussed in the Social Security Act of 1930, which provided funding for interventions for "neglected and hungry children to be delinquent."
In 1912, the federal Children's Bureau was established with a mandate that included services related to child abuse. In 1958, an amendment to the Social Security Act mandated that the state fund child protection efforts. In 1962, professional interests and media against child abuse were sparked by the publication of C. Henry Kempe and his colleagues "Children's Syndrome Battered" in JAMA. In the mid-1960s, in response to the public concerns generated from this article, 49 US states passed child abuse reporting laws. In 1974, these efforts by the states culminated in the passage of the federal Children's Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA: Public Law 93-247) that provides federal funding for federal-state children's research and services and persecution. In 1980, Congress passed the first comprehensive federal child protection measure, the adoption of Child Assistance and Welfare Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-272), which focused on family preservation efforts to help keep families together and children out of foster care or other placement option outside the home.
Partly funded by the federal government, the Childcare Services Agency (CPS) was first established in response to CAPTA 1974 which mandates that all states establish procedures to investigate alleged incidents of child abuse.
In the 1940s and 1950s, due to improved technology in diagnostic radiology, the medical profession began to pay attention to what they believed to be a deliberate injury, called "Shaken Baby Syndrome." In 1961, C. Henry Kempe began to further investigate this problem, finally identifying and integrating the term childhood syndrome. At the same time, there are also changes in views about the role of children in society, partly driven by the Civil Rights Movement.
In 1973, Congress took the first step toward enacting federal legislature to address the issue of poverty and minorities. Prevention and Treatment The Torture of Children was adopted in 1974, which requires states "to prevent, identify and treat child abuse and neglect."
Shortly thereafter, in 1978, the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) was passed in response to attempts to destroy Native Americans by taking large numbers of Native American children, separating them from their tribes and being placed in care or sending them to a distant place. the schools where they are persecuted, lost and sometimes dying. This law not only opens the door for cultural considerations while emphasizing the idea that children should be with their families, leading to the beginning of family conservation programs. In 1980, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act were introduced as a way to manage the high number of children in placement. Although this law addresses several complaints from previous pieces of legislation on destroying legal proceedings for parents, these changes are not designed to reduce the number of children who are high in placement or ongoing sustainability delays. This led to the introduction of a home-visiting model, which provides funding to private institutions to force parents into intensive services in cases where children are not profitable in the adoption market.
In addition to family services, the federal children's welfare policy focus is changing to try to overcome immortality for a large number of upbringing children. Some federal laws seek to alleviate the process of forcing adoption and taking parental rights, including incentives for adoption and abolition by the Adoption Act of Assistance; Child Abuse Prevention, Adoption and Family Prevention Act of 1988; and 1992 Child Violence, Domestic Violence, Adoption, and Family Services Act. The Multi-Ethnic Placement Act of 1994, revised in 1996 to add the Interethnic Placement Code, also seeks to promote immortality through adoption, creates a rule that adoption can not be postponed or rejected due to problems of legal process, justice, compliance with the Constitution, parents, children's rights, discrimination, race, color, or national origin of the child or adoptive parent.
All of these policies lead to the 1997 Adoption and Family Safe Act (ASFA), which largely guides current practice. Changes in the Adoption and Family Safe Act show an interest in cosmetically changing the emphasis on the health and safety issues of children and away from the policy of reuniting children with their biological parents regardless of previous cruelty. The law requires states to provide "reasonable efforts" to retain or reintegrate families, but requires states to end parental rights for children who have been raised for 15 of the past 22 months, with some exceptions.
Comparison with other similar systems
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has a comprehensive child welfare system in which local authorities have duties and responsibilities to needy children in their area. This includes providing unqualified suggestions and services, accommodation and care of children, as well as the capacity to begin the process of eliminating children from their parenting care process. The criteria for the latter are 'significant hazards' which include physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect. In appropriate cases, the Treatment Plan before the Court will be adopted. The Local Authority also operates a good adoption service for children who are prepared for voluntary adoption and those available for adoption through the Court process. The basic legal principle in all public and private processes concerning children, according to Children Act 1989, is that child welfare is paramount. In recognition of the problem of engagement, good social work practice requires a minimum number of movements and the 1989 Children Act perpetuates the principle that the delay is against the welfare of a child. The treatment process has a period of 26 weeks (although capable of extension under certain circumstances) and concurrent planning is required. The final Care Plan proposed by the Local Authority is required to provide a permanent plan, either with parents, family members, adoptive parents or long-term adopters. Courts routinely join children as parties to their own Maintenance process, and their best interests are explored and addressed by the Child Guardian, an independent Social Worker specializing in the representation of children in the process. It is a feature of the Caring process that judges of all levels are expected to comply with the recommendations of the Guardian's Son unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. However, 'drift' and some placement still occur because many older children are difficult to place or maintain on placements. The role of Independent Visitors, voluntary post, was made in England under the Children's Act of 1989 to make friends and help children and adolescents in care.
In England, Wales and Scotland, there is never any legal obligation to report suspected child abuse to the Police. However, both the 1989 and 2004 Child Laws clarify the legal obligation of all professionals to report allegations of violence against children.
The Joint Working Law guidelines for Maintaining Children 2006 creates the role of Local Authority Authority Officer, This Officer is responsible for managing alleged abuse against adults working with children (Teachers, Social Workers, Church leaders, Youth Workers, etc.).
The Local Child Protection Agency (LSCBs) is responsible for ensuring institutions and professionals, in their areas, effectively safeguarding and improving the welfare of children. In the case of a child's death or serious injury, the LSCBs may initiate a 'Serious Case Review' aimed at identifying agency failures and improving future practice.
The planned ContactPoint database, where information about children is shared among professionals, has been terminated by the newly elected coalition government (May 2010). This database aims to improve the sharing of information between agencies. Lack of information sharing has been identified as failing in various high profile child mortality cases. Critics of the claiming scheme are proof of the 'brother country' and too expensive to introduce.
Working Together to Maintain Children 2006 (updated 2010) and further 'Child Protection in the UK: Progress Report' (Laming, 2009) continues to promote data sharing between those working with vulnerable children.
A child in a suitable case may be a court and no decision on a child or a change in his life can be made without leaving the Court of Appeal.
In Britain the Victoria Climbià © murder is largely responsible for changes in child protection in the UK, including the establishment of Every Child Matters program in 2003. Similar Programs - Getting the Right to Every Child - GIRFEC was founded in Scotland in 2008.
A bill is being debated in the British parliament that many people and organizations fear will take on the legal duties of local governments should protect vulnerable children.
Canada
In Ontario, the service is provided by an independent Child Support Agency. The public receives funding from, and is under the supervision of the Ontario Ministry of Child and Youth Services. They are, however, regarded as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that allow the CAS to have a high degree of autonomy from the daily CAS interference or briefing by the Ministry. The Family and Child Service Review Board exists to investigate complaints against the CAS and retain the authority to act against the public.
Costa Rica
Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI) is responsible for Child Protection in Costa Rica.
This agency was founded in 1930 by Dr. Luis Felipe Gonzalez Flores, a leader of Costa Rica at the time. It was established to combat infant death, which at that time, rampant in Costa Rica. The idea is to put the baby to adoption that the mother is unable to support (abortion is a crime in Costa Rica).
In 1949, after the Costa Rican Civil War, a new constitution was written, it called on the institution to become an autonomous, governmental, autonomous institution of each ministry.
Today the focus is on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The agency still supports adoption, because abortion is illegal in Costa Rica.
Brazil
For decades, before 1990, there has been pressure from NGOs and children's organizations to protect children who have been pounded by poverty and hunger and hated by some in Brazil. After this, it becomes a chapter on children's and youth's rights in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil. In 1990, a larger victory, when the Statute of the Child and Adolescent was approved by both houses of the National Congress, legally obliged the Government to protect the rights of the child. This ensures a comprehensive child welfare system in Brazil. To ensure that the provisions of the Statute are in force, the Council on the Rights of Children and Youth is established at the federal, state and local levels.
The National Council for the Rights of Children and Youth (CONANDA) is the Federal Authority. The Council of Guardianship is the Local Authority and has duties and responsibilities for children in their area. All work is based on STATUTE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT (UU No. 8,069, 13 July 1990).
Influence of child abuse early
Children with a history of persecution, such as physical and psychological neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, are at risk of developing psychiatric problems. Such children are at risk of having irregular attachments. Irregular attachment is associated with a number of developmental problems, including dissociative symptoms, as well as depression, anxiety, and acting symptoms.
Standard to report
In general, a report should be made when a person knows or has reasonable grounds to believe or suspect that a child has been abused or neglected. These standards guide journalists in deciding whether to report to child protection services.
The person responsible for the child
In addition to defining acts or omissions that constitute child abuse or neglect, some state laws provide specific definitions of persons who may be reported to child protection services as perpetrators of harassment or abandonment. They are people who have a routine relationship or responsibility for the child. This usually includes parents, grandparents, guardians, adoptive parents, relatives, legal guardians or observers. Once taken from home, the purpose of the CPS is to reunite the child with their family. In some cases, because of the abuse nature of children can not see or talk with the perpetrator. If parents fail to resolve the terms and conditions of the Court, the children being treated may never come home.
Child Protection Service Statistics
The United States government administration for children and families reports that in 2004 about 3.5 million children were involved in investigations into alleged abuses or neglect in the US, while an estimated 872,000 children have been abused or neglected, and an estimated 1,490 children die. year because of harassment or negligence. In 2007, 1,760 children died from child abuse and neglect. Child abuse affects the most vulnerable populations, with children under the age of five accounting for 76% of casualties. In 2008, 8.3 children per 1,000 were victims of child abuse and neglect and 10.2 children per 1,000 were outside the home placement.
As of September 30th, 2010, there are about 400,000 children in an orphanage in the US, where 36% is 5 years old and under. During the same period, nearly 120,000 children born to age five entered the orphanage and a little under 100,000 people inhabited. The US Child Protection Service (CPS) received slightly more than 2.5 million child abuse reports in 2009 that 61.9% were assigned to the investigation. A study using national data on recidivism showed that 22% of children were traced within a 2 year period and 7% of these rereports were demonstrated.
Recidivism for Child Protection Services in the United States
To understand CPS recidivism in the US, there are some terms that should be understood by the reader. The two terms often used in CPS recidivism are rereport (also known as rereferral) and recurrence. One of the two may occur after an initial child abuse report or omission called index report. Although the definition of rereport and recurrence is inconsistent, the general difference is that rereport is the subsequent report of child abuse or negligence after the initial report (also known as index report) while recurrence refers to confirmed (also known as proven) rereport after initial reports of child abuse and negligence. To borrow from the definitions used by Pecora et al. (2000), recidivism is defined as, "Recurrent child abuse and neglect, subsequent or recurrent child abuse after identification to public authorities." It is important to stress that this definition is not all inclusive because it does not include abused children who are not reported to the authorities.
Statistics of recidivism
There are three main sources of recidivism data in the US - National Child Abuse and Abandonment Data System (NCANDS), National Surveys of Child and Adolescent (NSCAW), and National Incidence Study (NIS) - and they all have their own strengths and weaknesses. NCANDS was established in 1974, and it consists of administrative data of all reports of alleged child abuse and negligence investigated by the CPS. NSCAW was founded in 1996 and is similar to NCANDS because it includes only child abuse and abandonment reports investigated by the CPS, but it adds clinical steps related to child and family welfare that are not owned by NCANDS. NIS was established in 1974, and it consists of data collected from CPS as well. However, he tries to collect a more comprehensive picture of the incidence of child abuse and neglect by collecting data from other reporting sources called sentinel communities.
Criticism
Brenda Scott, in his 1994 Out of Control: Who Witnessed our Child Protection Institution, criticized the CPS, stating, "Child Protection Services are out of control The system, as it operates today, should be discarded. children should be protected in their homes and in the system, radical new guidelines should be adopted The essence of the problem is the CPS antifamily mindset.Remination is the first, not the last, effort With inadequate checks and balances, systems designed to protect children sons have become the biggest criminals. "
Texas
The Texas Department of Family Services and Protector itself has been the subject of reports of a large number of poisonings, deaths, rape and unusual pregnancies from children under its care since 2004. The Texas Family Crisis Management and Protection team was formed following executive orders. critical report Forgotten Children of 2004.
Texas Child Protective Services was hit with rare or unprecedented legal sanctions for "unreasonable causes" and ordered to pay $ 32,000 from the cost of a Spring family lawyer. Judge Schneider wrote in a 13-page order, "Offensive action by (CPS) has significantly disrupted the legitimate exercise of the traditional core functions of this court."
2008 Raid of YFZ Ranch
In April 2008, the largest child protection act in American history raised questions when the CPS in Texas moved hundreds of small children, infants, and women mistakenly believed to be the children of the YFZ Ranch polygamy community, with the help of a well-armed police carrier armored personnel. Researchers, including supervisor Angie Voss, assured the judge that all children are at risk of child abuse as they are all prepared for underage marriages. The state Supreme Court disagrees, releasing most of the children back to their families. Investigations will result in criminal prosecution of some men in the community.
Gene Grounds of Relief Relief Ministries praised CPS workers in Texas operations as showing compassion, professionalism and caring care. However, the CPS performance was questioned by workers from the Hill Country Community Center for Mental-Mental Retardation Health. One writes "I have never seen women and children mistreat this, not to mention their neglected civil rights in this way" after assisting in the emergency shelter. Others previously banned from discussing the conditions of working with the CPS then producing unsigned written reports expressed anger at the CPS that traumatized children, and ignored maternal rights that appeared to be good parents of healthy and well behaved children good. The CPS threatened some MHMR workers with arrests, and all mental health support was fired the second week for being "too compassionate." Workers believe poor sanitation conditions in shelters allow respiratory infections and chickenpox to spread.
CPS issue report
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, as with other states, has been the subject of reports of poisoning, death, rape, and unusual pregnancies of children treated since 2004. The Texas Family Crisis and Protection Management team is created by executive orders after a critical report Forgotten Children of 2004. Texas Comptroller Carole Keeton Strayhorn made a statement in 2006 about Texas's upbringing system. In Fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively 30, 38 and 48 foster children died in state care. The number of foster children in state care increased 24 percent to 32,474 in Fiscal 2005, while the number of deaths increased 60 percent. Compared to the general population, a child is four times more likely to die in a foster care system in Texas. In 2004, about 100 children were treated for drug intoxication; 63 were treated for rape that occurred under state care including four-year-old twins, and 142 childbirths, although others believed Ms. reports. Strayhorn is not scientifically researched, and that major reforms need to be done to ensure that children in conservator countries get as much attention as they are at risk in their homes.
Disproportionality and disparity in the child welfare system
In the United States, the data show that the number of disproportionate minority children, especially African American children and Native American children, goes into the foster care system. National data in the United States provides evidence that imbalances can vary during the involvement of children with the child welfare system. Differences in levels of non-conformity seen at major decision points include abuse reporting, substantiation of abuse, and placement to foster care. Moreover, once they enter the orphanage, research shows that they tend to stay in care longer. Studies have shown that there is no difference in the degree of abuse and neglect among minority populations when compared with Caucasian children who will explain the difference. The Juvenile Justice System has also been challenged by negative contacts disproportionate to minority children. Because of the overlap in this system, it is possible that this phenomenon in some systems may be related.
Constitutional issues
In May 2007, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals of the United States was found at Rogers v. County San Joaquin , No. 05-16071 that a CPS social worker who removes children from their natural parent becomes a caregiver without obtaining a judicial justice act without legal process and without urgency (emergency condition) violates the 14th Amendment and Title 42 United State Code Section 1983. Amendment The Fourteenth United States Constitution says that a country can not enact the applicable law. privilege or immunity of US citizens "and no country may" deprive anyone of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, or deny to anyone within its jurisdiction the same legal protection. "Title 42 of the United States Code Section 1983 states that citizens may prosecute in federal courts any person who acts under the law color to deprive citizens of their civil rights under the pretext of state regulation, View .
In case of Santosky v. Kramer, 455 US 745 (1982), the Supreme Court reviewed a case when the Department of Social Services issued two younger children from their natural parent only because the parents had been found before. inattentive to their eldest daughter. When the third child is only three days old, the DSS transfers it to an orphanage on the grounds that immediate removal is necessary to avoid danger to life or health. The Supreme Court emptied the previous ruling and stated: "Before a State can fully and irrevocably resolve the rights of parents to their natural children, the legal process requires that the State endorse its allegations with at least clear and convincing evidence, but until the State proves a parent unrighteousness, children and their parents share vital interests in preventing the cessation of their natural misconduct ".
The District Court of Appeal of Columbia concluded that a lower court trial was wrong in rejecting the relative custodial arrangements chosen by the biological mother who tried to maintain her relationship with the child. The previous ruling that granted the adoption application of the adopted mother was reversed, the case was handed over to the court to vacate the order of adoption and to refuse custody, and to include the custody order of the child's relatives.
Important lawsuits
In 2010, a former adopted child was awarded $ 30 million by a California jury (Santa Clara County) for damages from sexual harassment that had occurred to him in an orphanage from 1995 to 1999; he was represented by lawyer Stephen John Estey. Foster parents, John Jackson, are licensed by the state despite the fact that he abused his wife and son himself, overdosed on drugs and was arrested for drunk driving. In 2006, Jackson was convicted in Santa Clara County with nine charges of lewd or gross acts on a child with violence, violence, coercion, threats and fear and seven alleged lewd or obscene acts in a child under 14, according to Santa Clara's Office of Attorney Regency Area. The sex act he forced the children in his care to send him to jail for 220 years. Then in 2010, the Giarretto Institute, a private adoptive family agency responsible for licensing and monitoring Jackson's and other foster homes, was also found to be negligent and responsible for 75 percent of harassment inflicted on the victim, and Jackson was responsible for the rest. This is an important case which has since set a precedent in the future process against the Children and Family Department.
In 2009 the Oregon Department of Human Services has agreed to pay $ 2 million to fund for future care of twins allegedly abused by their foster parents; it is the largest settlement in the history of the agency. According to the civil rights suit filed at the request of adoptive twin mothers' in December 2007 in US Federal Court, children were kept in makeshift enclosures - cribs covered with chicken wire secured with duct tape - in dark rooms known as "dungeons. "Brothers and sisters often leave without food, water or human touch. The boy, who has a shunt inserted into his head at birth to drain the liquid, does not receive medical treatment, so when the police rescue the twins he is almost comatose. The same foster family had previously cared for hundreds of other children for nearly four decades. DHS said foster parents lied to child welfare workers during the examination visit.
Several lawsuits filed in 2008 against the Florida Children's Department & amp; The family (DCF), accusing it of misreporting reports that Thomas Ferrara, 79, an adoptive parent, persecutes the girls. The lawsuit claims that despite the record of allegations of sexual offenses against Ferrara in 1992, 1996, and 1999, the DCF continues to place foster children with Ferrara and his wife in 2000. Ferrara was arrested in 2001 after 9 years - the old girl told detective that he regularly persecuted him for two years and threatened to hurt his mother if he told anyone. The records show that Ferrara had 400 children through his home for 16 years as a foster parent from 1984 to 2000. Officials claimed that the lawsuit against Ferrara ended with a cost of almost $ 2.26 million DCF. Similarly, in 2007 DCF Florida paid $ 1.2 million to settle a lawsuit accusing the DCF of ignoring complaints that another mentally challenged Immokalee girl was raped by her stepfather Bonifacio Velazquez until a 15-year-old child gave birth to a child.
In a class action lawsuit, Charlie and Nadine H. v. McGreevey was filed in federal court by the New York Children's Rights organization on behalf of children detained by the New Jersey Family and Youth Division (DYFS). The complaint allegedly violated the constitutional rights of children and their rights under Title IV-E of the Social Security Act, Prevention and Action of Abuse Treatment, Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Periodic Screening, 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, States with Disabilities Act, and Multiplenises Placement Act (MEPA). In July 2002, a federal court granted plaintiffs access to 500 children's case files, enabling plaintiffs to collect information on hazards to children in care through case review notes. These files reveal many cases where foster children are abused, and DYFS fails to take appropriate action. On June 9, 2004, a child welfare panel appointed by the parties approved the NJ State Reform Plan. The court accepted the plan on June 17, 2004. The same organization filed similar lawsuits against other countries in recent years that led to several states to initiate child welfare reform.
In 2007 Deanna Fogarty-Hardwick obtained a jury verdict against Orange County (California) and two social workers for violating her Fourteenth Amendment rights to family associations. The $ 4.9 million decision grew to a $ 9.5 million verdict as County lost their respective appeals in a row. The case finally ended in 2011 when the United States Supreme Court rejected Orange County's request to cancel the verdict.
California
In April 2013, Child Protection Services in Sacramento sent police to forcibly transfer a 5 month old baby from parental care.
Alex and Anna Nikolayev took their baby Sammy out of Sutter Memorial Hospital and sought a second opinion at Kaiser Permanente, a competing hospital, for Sam's flu-like symptoms. The police arrived at Kaiser and questioned the couple and the doctor. After Sammy was completely released to leave the hospital, the couple went home, but the next day the police came and took Sammy. On June 25, 2013 the case against the family was dismissed and the family filed a lawsuit against the CPS and the Sacramento Police Department.
In Stockton, California, two children are taken from Vuk and Verica Nasti? in June 2010 after a nude photo of children found on a dad's computer. Such photographs are prevalent in Serbian culture. In addition, parents claim that their ethnic and religious rights have been violated - children are not allowed to speak Serbian, or to meet their parents for orthodox Christmas. They can only see the mother once a week. Children suffer psychological trauma because of their separation from parents. Polygraph shows that the father is not abusing children. The trial is set for January 26. Psychologists from Serbia claim that several hours of conversation with children is enough to see if they have been abused. Children were taken from their families 7 months ago. The FBI began an investigation into the CPS. The children were reunited with their parents in February 2011.
Effectiveness
In a national study, researchers examined children in 595 families over a 9-year period. They found that in households where violence against children is evidenced by evidence, risk factors remain unchanged during an interview with the family. The study found that the subjects studied did not differ significantly from subjects who were not investigated in social support, family function, poverty, maternal education, or behavioral problems after adjustment for initial risk factors and that the mothers of the subjects studied had more depression symptoms mothers of uninvested colleagues. at the age of 8 years.
See also
- Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment (CAPTA)
- Cinderella effect
- Foster care
- Child abuse
- National Social Workers Association
- Parenting Coordinator
Similar organizations in other countries
- Bureau of Jeugdzorg and Raad voor de Kinderbescherming - The Netherlands
- Jugendamt - German and Austrian
- The Child and Families Juvenile Advisory and Support Service - England and Wales
- Patronato Nacional de la Infancia - in Costa Rica
- National Council for the Rights of Children and Youth (Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da CrianÃÆ'§a e do Adolescente - CONANDA) - Brazil
- Children, Youth & amp; Family - New Zealand
- The Odisha State Children's Conservation Society - Odisha, India
References
Source
- Drake, B. & amp; Jonson-Reid, M. (2007). Responses to Melton are based on the Best Available Data. Published at: Child Abuse & amp; Ignore, Volume 31, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 343-360.
- Laird, David and Jennifer Michael (2006). "Budgeting Child Welfare: How are millions of cuts from the federal budget affecting the child welfare system?" Published in: American Child Welfare League, Children's Voice, Vol. 15, No. 4 (July/August 2006). Available on-line at: https://web.archive.org/web/20061109152420/http://www.cwla.org/voice/0607budgeting.htm.
- Pecora, Peter J., James K. Whittaker, Anthony N. Maluccio, with Richard P. Barth and Robert D. Plotnick (1992). Child Welfare Challenges: Policies, Practices, and Research . NY: Aldine de Gruyter. ISBN.
- Petr, Christopher G. (1998). Social Work with Their Children and Families: The Pragmatic Foundation . NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0-19-510607-5.
- Scott, Brenda (1994), "Out of Control Who Witnessed Our Child Protection Institution?". Huntington House Publishers. Paper ISBN. Hardback ISBN.
External links
United States
- Child Protection Institution MacLaren Hall Home Site History of Child Protection in America
- US. Children's Bureau (CB), including:
- "Legal & amp; Policies" - summary of federal and state laws
- "State Statute Search" - state search engine law related to child abuse with user-selectable criteria
- "Definition of Child Abuse and Negligence (2005)" - state definition summary
- Snow show - One family account of CPS actions
- The American Child Welfare League
- Child Shield USA
- https://www.scribd.com/doc/2530362/Illegal-and-Unethical-Adoptions-of-children-in-the-US
- American Family Rights
- FightCPS.com - Fight CPS Prosecution of False Allegations
- - Information and Support for Parents Accused of Fatal
Canada
- Canadian Child Welfare League
- Life In Foster Care Is Like A Subway Ride (CBC Radio Documentary that takes you on a virtual 13-minute subway journey through foster care by a Canadian foster kid John Dunn from http://www.johnsinformation.com)
- How to Implement Child Protection Mediation
United Kingdom
- JOJ TV: I will not go without my children. English version
German
- German Federal Statistical Office, Statistics 1995-2012 describes German Jugendamt activity
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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