The Atkins diet , also known as Atkins nutrition approach , is a commercial weight loss program designed by Robert Atkins. The Atkins diet is classified as a low carbohydrate fad diet. This diet is marketed by the questionable claim that carbohydrate restriction is essential for weight loss. There is no good evidence of the effectiveness of diet in achieving weight loss.
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Effectiveness
There is weak evidence that the Atkins diet is more effective than behavioral counseling to lose weight at 6-12 months. One review found that the Atkins diet caused weight loss of 0.1% to 2.9% in one year compared with the control group receiving behavioral counseling to lose weight. Like other commercial weight loss programs, the effect size is smaller for longer. Diet may increase the risk of heart disease.
There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may experience seizure reductions derived from a therapeutic ketogenic diet, and that less restrictive regimens, such as the modified Atkins diet, are equally effective.
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Description
The Atkins diet is a low-carb diet. It was inspired by a low-carb approach published by Alfred W. Pennington, based on research by Pennington during World War II at DuPont. The Atkins diet is promoted by the questionable claim that carbohydrate restriction is the "key" to weight loss.
In his early books like The Atkins New Diet Revolution, Atkins made a controversial argument that a low-carb diet produces metabolic benefits because "burning fat requires more calories so you're spending more calories." He cites one study in which he estimates this profit to be 950 Calories (4.0 MJ) per day. A review study published in Lancet concluded that no such metabolic benefits and dieters consumed fewer calories. Astrup states, "The havoc and the simplicity of the diet can inhibit appetite and food intake." David L. Katz has characterized Atkins's claim as nonsense.
Clean carbohydrates can be calculated from food sources by reducing fiber and sugar alcohols from total carbohydrates. Sugar alcohols contain about two calories per gram, although the American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetics do not consider alcohol as carbohydrates. Fructose (for example, as found in many industrial sweeteners) has four calories per gram but has a very low glycemic index and does not cause insulin production, perhaps because? cells have a low GLUT5 level. Leptin, the appetite-regulating hormone, is not triggered after fructose consumption. It may be for some to create an unsatisfactory feeling after consumption that might promote party behavior that culminates in the increase of blood triglycerides arising from the conversion of fructose by the liver.
Preferred foods in all categories are unprocessed whole foods with a low glycemic index, despite restrictions for low glycemic carbohydrates (black rice, vegetables, etc.) Similar to foods for high glycemic carbohydrates (sugar, white bread). Atkins Nutritionals, a company set up to market food that works with diet, recommends that no more than 20% of calories eaten when diet comes from saturated fats.
Popularity
Atkins Nutritional Approach gained widespread popularity in 2003 and 2004. At the peak of its popularity, one in eleven North American adults admitted to eating a low-carb diet such as Atkins. The following big points are blamed for the huge drop in sales of heavy carbohydrate foods such as pasta and rice: sales fell 8.2 and 4.6 percent, respectively, in 2003. The success of the diet is even blamed for the decline in sales of Krispy Kreme. Trying to take advantage of "low carb craze," many companies are releasing a special line of low-carb products.
In 2003, Atkins died of a fatal head injury from a fall on the ice, and when he had a history of heart disease, Atkins states that the circumstances of his death due to epidural hematoma have nothing to do with heart disease. diet or history of viral cardiomyopathy.
On July 31, 2005, the Atkins Nutritional company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after the percentage of adults on the diet decreased by two percent and sales of Atkins brand products fell sharply in the second half of 2004. The company continued to operate and diet plans remained popular, back to previous popularity.
Controversy
Analysis by Forbes magazine found that the sample menu of the Atkins Nutritional Approach was one of the top five in the expenditure category of the ten Forbes plans analyzed. This is due to the entry of recipes with some high cost ingredients such as lobster tails put into the book to demonstrate the various foods that can be consumed on the diet. The analysis showed median averages of ten diets were about 50% higher, and Atkins was 80% higher, than the national average of America. The Atkins diet is cheaper than Jenny Craig's diet and is more expensive than Weight Watchers.
Low-carbohydrate diets have been the subject of heated debate in medical circles for three decades. They are still controversial and there have recently been serious studies that underpin some aspects of Atkins' claims, especially for short-term weight loss (6 months or less). In a comparative study by Dansinger and colleagues (2005), the goal was to compare popular diets such as Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone for the amount of weight lost and the reduction in the risk of heart disease. In the study there were 160 participants and lasted for 1 year. All subjects were overweight at baseline, and had an increased risk for heart disease. One diet is given to everyone.
The Atkins Diet Group should eat 20g of CHO (carbohydrate) per day, with a gradual increase to 50 g daily, but according to the study it increases to over 130g after the second month and up to 190g at the sixth month. At this point, the Atkins Diet group is eating a carbohydrate equivalent to three other groups. Zone groups eat 40-30-30% of carbohydrate, fat and protein diets respectively. The Weight Watchers group is to keep their food "points" within the specified range, based on their weight. The group supposedly representing the Ornish diet to eat a diet unlike the Ornish diet has proven to reverse heart disease, taking 30% of calories from fat rather than the suggested 10%, to 20 grams of saturated fat a day, and only 15 grams of dietary fiber, indicating that the diet not based on whole plant foods like typical Ornish diet. Weight, waist size, blood pressure, and blood sample were taken, at baseline, after 2 months, 6 months and 12 months. These four diets result in simple weight loss and improvement in some cardiac risk factors, with no significant differences between diets.
Others in the scientific community also ask questions about the efficacy and safety of diet:
- Robert Eckel of the American Heart Association says that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet makes people at risk for heart disease. A long-term study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2006 found that while women on low-carb diets are generally healthier than those on high-carbohydrate diets, women eat more protein and fat from vegetable sources. , rather than from animal sources, has a lower risk of heart disease.
- A 2001 review by Freedman et al. published in the journal Obesity Research concluded that the initial benefits of low-carbohydrate diets in weight loss were a result of an increase in water loss, and that after the initial period, low-carbohydrate diets produced the same fat loss as others. diet with the same caloric intake.
Misunderstanding about diet
Many people believe that the Atkins Diet promotes eating meat and unlimited fatty cheeses. This is allowed and promoted in the early editions of this book. In the latest revision, not written by the dead Atkins, this is not promoted. The Atkins diet does not impose calorie restrictions, or definite limits on protein, with Atkins saying in his book that this plan is "not a license for a canyon," but rather promoting protein to eat to full. Research and education director for Atkins Nutritionals, Collette Heimowitz, has stated that the newer revisions are meant to clarify instead of replacing the correct advice in old books.
"The Atkins diet is labeled as a high-fat diet," Westman said in an interview with The New York Times. "We have been told over the past 40 years that the fat in the diet is bad.Now we know that fat is not bad.And what happens is that there is a paradigm shift in thinking about carbohydrates, fats and protein and health."
Atkins Nutritionals
Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. (ANI) was founded in 1989 by Atkins to promote the sale of Atkins branded products. After his death, waning popularity of diet and reduction in demand for Atkins products, Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on July 31, 2005 on the grounds of a loss of $ 340 million. It was later purchased by North Castle Partners in 2007 and switched its emphasis to low-carb snacks. In 2010, the company was acquired by Roark Capital Group.
See also
- Online weight loss plan
- Diet Dukan
- TO Diet
- The ketogenic diet
- List of diets
References
Further reading
- Eric C. Westman, M.D., Stephen D. Phinney, M.D., and Jeff S. Volek, Ph.D. (2010). The New Atkins for New You: The Main Diet for Lose Weight and Feel Great . 350 pp. Fireside Book (Simon & Schuster). ISBN: 978-1-4391-9027-2.
- Robert C. Atkins (2004). Atkins for Life: A Completely Controlled Carb Program for Permanent Weight Loss and Good Health . 370 pp. St. Martin Press. ISBNÃ, 0-641-67892-4.
- Robert C. Atkins (2001). Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution Book . 560 pp. Book Avon; Edited revision, ISBN: 0-06-001203-X. ISBN: 0-09-188948-0.
- Robert C. Atkins (2000). Dr. Atkins' Age-Defying Diet Revolution: A Powerful New Diet Defense Against . St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-25189-5.
- Robert C. Atkins (1999). Dr. Atkins Vita-Nutrition Solution: Natural Answers for Drugs. 416 p. Fireside Book (Simon & Schuster). ISBNÃ, 0-684-84488-5.
External links
- Official Company Atkins Website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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