A cherry blossom is a flower of some genus trees Prunus , especially Japanese cherries , Prunus serrulata , called sakura after Japanese (? or ? ; ??? ).
It is currently widely distributed, especially in the Northern Hemisphere climate zone including Japan, Nepal, Taiwan, Korea, China, Western Siberia, India, Iran and Afghanistan. Together with chrysanthemum flowers, cherry blossoms are considered the national flower of Japan.
Many varieties that have been grown for ornamental use do not bear fruit. Eaten cherries generally come from cultivars of related species Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus .
Video Cherry blossom
Flower view
"Hanami" is a centuries-old habit of picnics under the sakura tree of sakura or ume . Habit is said to have begun during the period of Nara (710-794), when it was ume the interest that people admired initially, but in the Heian period (794-1185) the cherry blossoms came to attract more attention, i> hanami is identical to sakura . Since then, both in waka and haiku, "flowers" (? , hana ) means "cherry blossoms". The custom was initially confined to the imperial Imperial elite, but soon spread to the samurai community and, in the Edo period, to the common people as well. Tokugawa Yoshimune planted a cherry tree to encourage this. Under the sakura tree, people eat lunch and drink sake in a cheerful party.
Each year the Japan Meteorological Agency and the public tracked sakura zensen (cherry front) as it moved northward up the archipelago with a warmer weather approach through night estimates following the weather segment of the news program. The bloom begins in Okinawa in January, and usually reaches Kyoto and Tokyo in late March or early April. This continued into areas at higher altitudes and to the north, arriving in Hokkaido a few weeks later. The Japanese are very attentive to this prophecy and change in large numbers in parks, temples and temples with family and friends to have a flower-seeing party. Hanami festival celebrates the beauty of the cherry blossoms and for many people is an opportunity to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. The custom hanami dates back centuries in Japan. The 8th century chronicle Nihon Shoki (????) recorded the hanami festival held as early as the third century AD.
Most Japanese schools and public buildings have cherry trees outside them. Since fiscal year and school year started in April, in many parts of Honshu, the first day of work or school coincides with the cherry season.
The Japan Cherry Blossom Association developed a list of 100 Blown Cherry Blossom Japan with at least one location in each prefecture.
Maps Cherry blossom
Symbolism in Japan
In Japan, the cherry blossoms symbolize the clouds because their blooming nature en masse , in addition to being a timeless metaphor for the transitory nature, Japanese cultural traditions that are often associated with Buddhist influence, and which are embodied in the concept of mono no aware . The cherry blossom association with mono no aware dates back to the 18th century scholar Motoori Norinaga. Incomparable flowering, beauty and instability are often associated with mortality and grace and are ready for fate and karma; for this reason, the cherry blossoms are richly symbolic, and have been frequently used in Japanese art, manga, anime, and film, as well as musical performances for ambient effects. There is at least one popular folk song, originally intended for shakuhachi (bamboo flute), titled "Sakura", and some pop songs. These flowers are also represented on all consumer goods in Japan, including kimono, stationery, and cutlery.
The Sakurakai or Cherry Blossom Society was the name chosen by the young officers in the Imperial Japanese Army in September 1930 for their secret society founded with the aim of reorganizing the country along the totalitarian militaristic line, through a military coup. 'ÃÆ' Â © tat if necessary.
During World War II, cherry blossoms were used to motivate the Japanese, to awaken nationalism and militarism among the people. Even before the war, they were used in propaganda to inspire the "Japanese spirit", as in the "Song of Young Japan", praising the "fighters" who were "ready like a myriad of cherry blossoms to scatter". In 1932, Akiko Yosano's poem urged the Japanese soldiers to suffer in China and compared the dead with cherry blossoms. The argument that plans for the Leyte Gulf Battle, which involves all Japanese ships, would expose Japan to serious harm if they failed, reciprocated with the plea that the Navy be allowed to "blossom as a flower of death". The last message of troops in Peleliu is "Sakura, Sakura" - cherry blossoms. The Japanese pilots will paint them on the side of their aircraft before embarking on a suicide mission, or even take a tree branch with them in their mission. The cherry blossoms painted on the side of the bomber symbolize the intensity and eternity of life; in this way, the aesthetic association is altered in such a way that the cherry blossom petals fall to represent the sacrifice of youth in a suicide mission in honor of the emperor. The first kamikaze unit has a subunit called Yamazakura or a wild cherry blossom. The government even encourages people to believe that the souls of the oppressed fighters are reincarnated in the flowers.
In its colonial enterprise, the Japanese Empire often planted cherry trees as a means of "claiming occupied territory as Japanese space".
The cherry blossoms are a common symbol in Irezumi, the traditional art of Japanese tattoos. In the art of tattoos, cherry blossoms are often combined with other classical Japanese symbols such as koi fish, dragons or tigers.
Varieties and bloom
Jepang memiliki berbagai macam bunga sakura ( sakura ); Lebih dari 200 cultivar dapat ditemukan di sana. Spesies, hybrids, day varieties of the dignified untuk sakura :
- Prunus appetala var. pilot Prunus Campanulata Uranus Prunus Prunus incisa var. incis Prunus incisa var. kinkiensis Prunus intrinsa Prunus Uranus Prunus Ä'miyoshii Prunus padus Prunus ÃÆ'-parvifolia Prunus pendula Prunus Across Prunus sargentii Prunus serrulata Prunus iebbleii Prunus ÃÆ'-subhirtella Prunus ÃÆ'-syodoi Prunus ÃÆ'-tajimensis Prunus ÃÆ'-takeakae Prunus verecunda Prunus ÃÆ'-yedoensis
The most popular sakura variety in Japan is Somei Yoshino . The flowers are almost pure white, stained with the most pale pink color, especially near the stem. They bloom and usually fall within a week, before the leaves are out. Therefore, the trees look almost white from top to bottom. Varieties take its name from Somei village (now part of Toshima in Tokyo). It was developed in the mid to late 19th century at the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. The Somei Yoshino is so widely associated with cherry blossoms that jidaigeki and other fictional works often portray variations in the Edo period or earlier; Such a description is anachronism.
Winter sakura or fuyuzakura ( Prunus subhirtella autumnalis ) begins to bloom in the fall and continue to bloom sporadically throughout the winter. It is said to be a cross between edohiganzakura , cherry Tokyo Higan ( P. Incisa ) and mamezakura ( P. pendula ).
Other categories include yamazakura , yaezakura, and shidarezakura . The yaezakura has large, thick flowers with rich pink petals. The shidarezakura , or crying cherry, have fallen branches like a weeping willow tree, carrying a cascade of pink flowers.
By country
Australia
During World War II, the prisoner-of-war camp (POW) near the city of Cowra in New South Wales, Australia, was the scene of one of the largest prison escapes in the war, on 5 August 1944. During the Cowra shooting and subsequent detention of POW, four Australian and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed and 108 prisoners were wounded. The Japanese War Cemetery that kept the dead from Breakout tended after the war by members of Cowra RSL and handed over to Japan in 1963. In 1971, Cowra Tourism Development decided to celebrate this relationship to Japan, and proposed a Japanese park for the city.. The Japanese government agreed to support this development as a token of gratitude for respect for the death of their wars; development also receives funding from the Australian government and private entities.
The park was designed by Ken Nakajima (1914-2000), the famous Japanese garden designer in the world at the time. The first stage opened in 1979, and the second stage in 1986. The gardens were designed in the style of the Edo period and were kaiy? -shiki or a park for a walk. They are designed to show all types of Japanese landscapes. On five acres (12 hectares), the Cowra Japanese Garden is Japan's largest park in the southern hemisphere. The annual cherry blossom festival during September is now a major event in the Cowra tourism calendar.
Brazil
With the Japanese diaspora to Brazil, many immigrants bring cherry tree seeds. At SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo State, home to Japan's largest community outside of Japan, it is common to find them in Japanese related facilities and in some homes, usually from the Prunus serrulata cultivar Prunus serrulata lannesiana 'Himalayas'. Some cities, such as GarÃÆ'§a and Campos do JordÃÆ'Â o o, have an annual festival to celebrate the blossoming of Japanese trees and culture. In the Parana State (in southern Brazil), many cities receive many of these immigrants, who plant trees, such as in Apucarana, MaringÃÆ'¡, Cascavel and especially in the capital city of Curitiba.
In the Parana capital, the first seeds were brought by Japanese immigrants in the first half of the 20th century, but most of them were planted only from the 1990s, with the opening of the Curitiba Botanical Garden. Currently, the seeds are produced locally and used in greenery on the streets and squares - such as in Japan Field, where there are more than 30 cherry trees around the square sent by the Japanese Empire to Curitiba.
Canada
Vancouver, British Columbia is famous for thousands of cherry trees (estimated at 50,000) lined the streets and in many parks, including Queen Elizabeth Park and Stanley Park. Vancouver holds Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival every year. With a variety of varieties and temperate climate, they begin to bloom in February yearly and peak in April.
High Park in Toronto, Ontario features many cherry trees Somei-Yoshino (the earliest species to bloom and much loved by the Japanese for their fine white flowers) awarded to Toronto by Japan in 1959. Through the Sakura Project, the Consulate of Japan donated 34 cherry trees to High Park in 2001, plus cherry trees to other locations such as Exhibition Venues, McMaster University, York University (near Calumet College and Ottawa Road near McLaughlin College) and the University of Toronto (next to the Robarts Library) and the Scarborough campus. Niagara Falls also has many nearby Waterfall itself. The Royal Botanical Gardens in Burlington and Hamilton are also the recipients of the Somei-Yoshino cherry trees donated by the Consulate General of Japan in Toronto as part of the Sakura Project. The trees are located in the Arboretum and Rock Garden and are planted to celebrate the continued strengthening of friendship between Japan and Canada. The peak blooms of time at the Royal Botanical Gardens are usually around the last week of April or the first week of May.
China
The cherry tree grows naturally in the north or south of central China, the area near the sea. However, China's most famous cherry garden reflects Japan's brief occupation of parts of China during the first half of the 20th century or a donation from Japan afterwards:
- Cherry Blossom Longwangtang Park in Lushun, Dalian, Liaoning
- East Lake Cherry Blossom Park near Wuhan University, in Donghu District, Wuhan, Hubei
- Wuhan University, in Donghu District, Wuhan, Hubei
- Nanshan Botanical Gardens in Nan'an District, Chongqing
French
The Parc de Sceaux, located on the outskirts of Paris, features two cherry tree gardens, one for white cherry blossoms (Prunus avium) and one for pink cherry blossoms (Prunus serrulata), which then with around 150 trees attracts many visitors when they bloom in early April.
German
The cherry blossoms are a major tourist attraction in Germany's Altes Land gardens. The largest Hanami in Germany, in Hamburg, with Japanese-style fireworks, organized by the German-Japanese community, attracts tens of thousands of spectators every spring. Starting in 2015, Hamburg will be allowed to grant the title "Cherry Blossom Queen" by the Japan Cherry Blossom Association, one of only three cities around the world to receive this privilege. The Cherry Blossom Queen of Hamburg will first be crowned by the Cherry Blossom Queen of Japan on May 23rd.
In 1990, along the previous section of the Berlin Wall, Japan donated cherry blossoms to express appreciation for German reunification. The prize is supported by donations from Japanese people allowing more than 9,000 trees to be planted. The first trees were planted in November that year near the Glienicker Bridge.
The Cherry Blossom Festival at Bonn Altstadt is also very famous: de: KirschblÃÆ'¼tenfest Bonn.
India
In India, cherry blossoms are also an attraction, especially in Himalayan states such as Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & amp; Kashmir, Sikkim & amp; the northern West Bengal district of Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. The cities of temples like Kalpa, Sarahan, Chitkul, Sangla and Narkanda are renowned for their wild cherry blossoms during the spring that cover the foot of the Himalayas. They can also be seen in various English-era botanical gardens especially in Nilgiri Hills, Garo Hills, Khasi Hills as well as in some hill stations in the Western Ghats.
Prunus cerasoides are wild Himalayan cherry and cherry acid , known in Hindi as padma or padmakashtha , is cherry the deciduous trees are found in the East, South and Southeast Asia. This is the family of Rosaceae and the genus Prunus . Recently Kolkata city department and forest department plant cherry blossoms in the city's main attractions such as Rajarhat. They are in full bloom in the first week of March 2017.
Korean
The origin of cherry blossoms in South Korea is highly controversial. Japan planted the Yoshino cherry tree at the Changgyeonggung Palace of Seoul and saw the cherry blossoms introduced to Korea during the Japanese rule. The celebrations continued even after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II but had become controversial, and many cherry trees were cut down to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Japanese surrender as they were seen as a symbol of the occupation. But the Koreans continue to plant Yoshino cherry trees and the festival begins to attract a wide variety of tourists. Many Korean media assert that Yoshino cherries are the same species with endangered Korean native species called king cherry, whose mass production is still studied. In 2007, a study conducted on the comparison of cherry king and cherry Yoshino concluded that these trees are categorized as different species. In 2016, a study on DNA analysis showed independent origins between the cherry king and the yoshino cherry to each other. In 2016, the new scientific name Cerasus ÃÆ'â € " nudiflora was given to the cherry king to distinguish him from the Yoshino cherry ( Prunus ÃÆ'â € yedoensis ). In Korea most places for cherry blossom festivals, including Yeouido and Jinhae, are still planted with the Yoshino cherry tree.
In Korea, cherry blossoms have a meaning of holiness and beauty.
Dutch
In 2000, Japan Women's Club (JWC) donated 400 cherry trees to the city of Amstelveen. The trees have been planted in the cherry blossom garden at Amsterdamse Bos. The special details are that each tree has a name - 200 trees have a Japanese female name, 200 trees have Dutch female names.
New Zealand
Hagley Park is the largest urban open space in Christchurch, New Zealand and has many cherry trees from several varieties.
Taiwan (China)
Usually found in mountainous areas, cherry blossoms are a popular attraction in Taiwan, with many specially designed tours. Among the most accessible and most popular sites to see it are Yangmingshan, in Taipei, and Wuling Farm, in Taichung.
Thai
Cherry blossoms are found in Northern Thailand.
Turkish
In 2005, Japanese cherry tree served by Japan to Nezahat GÃÆ'¶kyi? It's the Botanical Garden in Istanbul, Turkey. Each tree represents a seafarer of the frigate Ertogrul which is a famous frigate of the Ottoman Turkish navy. On the way back from a good visit to Japan in 1890 he experienced a typhoon and drowned with the loss of an Ottoman Turkish sailor. The loss is remembered in every day. Japanese cherry trees represent the memories of those who died and gave memories.
United Kingdom
Batsford Arboretum in Gloucestershire (UK), holding a national collection of Japanese village cherry, group sato-cherry. Keele University in Staffordshire (UK), has one of the largest collection of flowering cherries in the UK, with over 150 varieties.
United States
Japan awarded 3,020 cherry trees as a gift to the United States in 1912 to celebrate the growing friendship of the country, replacing the previous prize of 2,000 trees that had to be destroyed because of the disease in 1910. These trees were planted in Sakura Park in Manhattan and the coastline of the Basin Tidal and roads in East Potomac Park in Washington, DC The first two native trees were planted by Helen Taft's first mother and Viscountess Chinda on the banks of the Tidal Basin. The gift was updated with 3,800 other trees in 1965. In Washington, D.C. sakura trees continue to be a popular tourist attraction (and subject annual annual Cherry Blossom Festival) when they reach full bloom in early spring. Just outside Washington, D.C., the Kenwood suburb of Bethesda, Maryland has about 1,200 trees that are popular with locals and tourists alike.
New Brook Brook Brook Park, run by Essex County, is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the largest collection of cherry trees in the country, with around 5,000.
Philadelphia is also home to more than 2,000 Japanese flowered cherry trees, half of which was a gift from the Japanese government in 1926 in honor of the 150th anniversary of American independence, with the other half being planted by the American Society of Greater Philadelphia between 1998 and 2007. The sakura flower of Philadelphia located within the Fairmount Park, and the annual Flower Festival Sakura Subaru in Greater Philadelphia celebrating the blooming trees. The University of Washington in Seattle also has cherry blossoms in its Quad.
Other US cities have an annual cherry blossom festival (or sakura matsuri ), including the International Cherry Blossom Festival in Macon, Georgia, featuring more than 300,000 cherry trees. Brooklyn Botanic Garden in New York City also has a great festival that many people attend. Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is a conference venue that produced the Portsmouth Treaty, where the original sakura tree of Washington, DC is given as a thank you. Several cherry trees planted by the tidal ponds next to Portsmouth Town Hall were a gift from the birthplace of Portsmouth's sister in Japan, Nichinan - the home of Marquis Komura Jutar, a Japanese representative at the conference. Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, has 200 somei yoshino trees, a gift from its twin institute, Chubu University of Japan.
Culinary use
The cherry blossoms and leaves are edible and both are used as food ingredients in Japan:
- These flowers are acidified in salt and umezu (vinegar ume), and are used to induce flavors in wagashi, (traditional Japanese candy,) or anpan, (Japanese sweet bread, most commonly filled with red ) bean paste.)
- Salt pickled flowers in hot water are called sakurayu, and are drunk during lively events like weddings instead of green tea.
- The leaves, mostly from "shima cherry" due to softness, are also acidified in salt water and used for sakuramochi.
Because the leaves contain coumarin, which is toxic in large doses, it is not recommended to eat them in large quantities.
See also
- Kabazaiku: cherry wood craftsmen
- Kigo: a discussion of the role of sakura in Japanese poetry
- List of Garden Merit Flowering cherry Awards
- Ohka: World War II Special Attack
- Sakura Square
- Cherry Blossom Subaru Festival from Greater Philadelphia
- The Cherry Orchard
References
External links
- Japanese Cherry Blossom & amp; Locations
- The Sakura Copenhagen Festival
- Flowering Database, Forest and Forest Product Research Institute
- Introduction of cherry blossoms, Forest and Forest Product Research Institute
- International Cherry Blossom Festival Online, Information about 300,000 Yoshino cherry trees in Macon, Georgia, and a 10-day celebration held in mid-March
- Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival, Information about 37,000 cherry trees in Greater Vancouver (Canada), What is blooming now, reports and maps of Cherry Scout, Cultivar identification.
- Cherry Blossom Subaru Festival in Greater Philadelphia, Information about the cherry tree and the two week Flower Festival of Sakura Subaru from Greater Philadelphia.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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