The Sumatra Tropical Rain Forest site was written as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. It consists of three Indonesian national parks on the island of Sumatra: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan National Park. This site is registered under Criterion vii - outstanding scenic beauty; ix- outstanding examples representing a significant ongoing ecological and biological process; and x- contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation.
Video Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
Lokasi dan ukuran
The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra consists of three national parks: Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) (8629,75 km 2 ), Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS) (13,753,5 km 2 ) and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) (3568 km 2 ). The total area of ​​the rainforest is 25,000 km 2 . The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra was chosen because, firstly, it represents a significant forest area on the island of Sumatra, due to its biodiversity, lowland and mountain forests. This once sprawling tropical island has been condensed into a remote area, within 50 years.
Secondly, the national park that forms the heritage is all located in the famous Bukit Barisan backbone, known as the 'Andes of Sumatra', and that around it there is a magnificent view. The mountains on each site represent an important mountain background to the lowlands that have been built and developed in Sumatra. A stunning mixture of Lake Seven Mountain (the tallest lake in Southeast Asia), the splendor of the gigantic Mount Kerinci volcano, many volcanic lakes, small coastal and glacial in natural forests. This shows the beauty of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Bukit Sumatra.
Finally, the three national parks have very varied habitats and have remarkable biodiversity. Overall, these three sites constitute 50% of the total crop varieties in Sumatra. At least 92 common local species have been recognized in TNGL. This nomination contains the largest flower population in the world (Rafflesia arnoldi) and the highest flower (Amorphophallus titanum). The Tropical Rainforests of Sumatra have recently become part of the World Heritage List, in 2004. 2.5 million hectares of Sumatra's rainforests are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List of UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Heritage (UNESCO) because of their rich biodiversity and different. [1]
Maps Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
Geography and climate
Mount Leuser National Park in the north of the island has a length of 150 km, more than 100 km and mostly mountainous. 40% of steep gardens, and more than 1,500 m. 12% of parks only, in the lower south, under 600 meters but for 25 km walk on the beach. Eleven peaks over 2,700 m and the highest point is Mount Leuser reaching 3,466 meters. The area around Mount Leuser is known as the Leuser Ecosystem.
Kerinci Seblat National Park in its center extends along 350 km behind Bukit Barisan, an average width of 45 km and 2000 m above sea level. The northern half has lower eastern mountains, between 800-1500 m. Three quarters of the park is steep. The highest point, and the highest volcano in Indonesia, is Mount Kerinci, standing at 3,805 m.
South Bukit Barisan National Park also has a length of 350 km but only an average width of 45 km. Two thirds of the north are rocky, averaging 1,500 m with the highest point, Mount Pulung stands at 1,964 m. The southern half is lower; 90 km is a promontory and the park limits the ocean by half its length. Many rivers originate in the park and there are some lakes and hot springs.
The mountains throughout the year have a slight change in high temperatures, high humidity and high rainfall for 9 months in wet areas, 7 months in drier areas. This climate has encouraged high speciation (the formation of new species) and various species. Mount Leuser, received 3000 mm rainfall, in the north, and collected 4657 mm in the southern lowlands. Average temperatures between 21 Ã, Â ° C to 28 Ã, Â ° C and moisture are always above 60%, especially when over 1700 m. In Kerinci Seblat, an average rainfall of 2990 mm, temperatures ranging from 16 Â ° to 28 Â ° C and always high humidity (77-90%). In Bukit Barisan Selatan, the western part is rocky wet especially in November to May: rain is 3000-4000 mm. East is drier, with 2500-3000 mm rainfall and temperatures ranging between 20 Â ° and 28 Â ° C.
Flora and fauna
TNGL is part of 18 regions of Indonesia classified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) among the 200 global ecoregions that are essential for the conservation of world biodiversity. 174 mammals, 3 were endemic and 21 were listed as threatened in 2000. Little is known about smaller mammals. 380 species of birds registered, 13 being endemic and 52 threatened. Some important species: orangutans, Sumatran rhinoceros, and pony monkeys. Important plants are: Rafflesia arnoldi , and Amorphophallus titanum . Some important bird species: Rueck blue-flycatcher, and white-winged wood duck.
In TNKS, recorded 85 species of mammals, 5 endemic and 23 listed threatened 370 species of birds listed, 13 being endemic and 58 threatened. Some important mammal species: the shallow Tiger of Borneo, the Asian tapir, and the Sumatran rhinoceros. The Sumatran tiger population in Kerinci Seblat National Park is the highest recorded, making it one of the 12 Global Tiger Conservation Landscape. Some important bird species: White-winged wood duck and Sumatran-cuckoo soil. Some important plant species: Hopea beccariana and Shorea ovalis ssp. seicea .
BBSNP, has 98 mammals recorded, with 1 endemic and 25 threatened 379 species of birds listed, 7 endemic species and 58. 59 species of reptiles and recorded amphibians. TNBBS has the same bird species as TNKS. Some important mammal species: Sumatran elephant, and leatherback turtle.
References
External links
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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