At sign

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The second , @ sign is usually read as "at"; this is also commonly called on the symbol or commercial at . This is used as an acronym for accounting and invoicing which means "at level" (eg 7 widgets @ Ã, Â £ 2 = Ã, £ 14), but is now most commonly used in email addresses and "holdings" of social media platforms.

Although not included on the previous successful commercial typewriter keyboard, it was at least on one model of 1889 and the highly successful Underwood model of "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onwards. It started being used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now universally included on computer keyboards.

The fact that there is not a single word in English for symbols has prompted some authors to use French arobase or Spanish and Portuguese arroba , or to send new words like asperand , ampersat and strudel , but no one reaches wide usage.

The sign is encoded as U 0040 @ COMMERCIAL AT (HTMLÃ, & amp; # 64; ), or & amp; commat; in HTML5.

Video At sign

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The earliest reference but found on the @ symbol is a religious symbol; it features in Bulgarian translation of the Greek record written by Constantinos Manasses in 1345. Held today in the Vatican Apostolic Library, it features the @ symbol in place of the alpha "A" capital letter in the word Amen. Why it is used in this context is still a mystery.

In the case of commercial characters marked at , there are several theories waiting for verification.

• One theory is that the symbols developed as a symbol of the trade acronyms of "each on," symbol resemble a small "a" in "e" small, to distinguish it from a different "on" (denoted only by letter "a") or "per." For example, the cost of "12 apples @ $ 1" is $ 12, while the cost of "12 apples at $ 1" is $ 1, important and necessary.
• Another theory is that medieval monks abbreviate the Latin ads (on, in, directions, by, around) next to the numbers. One of the reasons to save space and ink. Since thousands of pages of biblical manuscripts are copied to expensive papyrus or skin, and the words in, in, direction by and about repeat a million times throughout the page, quite a lot of resources can spared this way. A theory of this graph put forward the idea that its form is derived from the Latin ad , uses lower-case lowercase d :, also used in hand-handed German language until the 20th century and known to mathematicians and students technique as a partial derivative symbol.
• It has been theorized that it was originally an abbreviation of the Greek forerunner ??? (transliterated ana ), which means at the or per level.
• Another theory is that it derives from the Norman French "ãÆ'" meaning "in" in the sense of "each", ie "2 widget ãÆ'  £ 5.50 = Ã,  £ 11.00", came notation accounting accounting in English commercial vouchers and ledgers into the 1990s, when email usage took over the use of accounting. It is also used like this in French Modern, Swedish or Czech; In view of this, the symbol-at is a form ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ ãÆ'  ¢ av roomates which is avatars where you can get your own wallpapers. Any avatars in avatars contained in popular websites are avoided.

Maps At sign

History

Whatever the origin of the @ symbol, the history of its use is better known: it has long been used in Spanish and Portuguese as an abbreviation of arroba , a weight unit equivalent to 25 pounds, and derived from the Arabic expression of " quarter "(????? pronounced ar-rub? ). An Italian academic claim has traced the @ symbol in the 16th century, in a trade document sent by Florentine Francesco Lapi from Seville to Rome on May 4, 1536. This document is about trade with Pizarro, particularly the price @ of wine in Peru. In Italy, the symbol is interpreted to mean amphora ( anfora ). Currently, the word arroba means both on symbols and units of weight. In Italy, symbols represent one amphora, unit weight and volume based on standard amphora crock capacity.

Until now the first historical document containing a symbol that resembles @ as commercial is "Taula de Ariza" of Spain, a register to show the delivery of wheat from Castile to Aragon in 1448; although the fully developed modern @ sign is found in the Florentine letter mentioned above.

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The modern usage

Commercial use

In contemporary English usage, @ is a commercial symbol, called on the site or at the level at and at the level. It is rarely used in financial documents or sales price labels, and is not used in standard typography.

In 2012, "@" is registered as a trademark with the German Patent and Trademark Office. The cancellation request was filed in 2013, and the cancellation was finally confirmed by the Federal Court of Germany in 2017.

Contemporary usage

The common contemporary usage @ is in the email address (using the SMTP system), as in jdoe@example.com (user jdoe is located in domain example.com ). Ray Tomlinson of BBN Technologies is credited with introducing this usage in 1971. The idea of ​​representing symbol is located in in the form user @ host is also seen in other tools and protocols. ; for example, the Unix shell command ssh jdoe@example.net tries to make an ssh connection to the computer with the hostname example.net using the jdoe username.

On web pages, organizations often obscure their member or employee email addresses by ignoring @. This practice, known as munging addresses, makes email addresses less vulnerable to spam programs that scan the internet for them.

On some social media platforms and forums, the username is in the form @johndoe ; this type of username is often referred to as a "handle".

In online forums without threaded discussions, @ is usually used to indicate a reply; for example: @Jane to respond to comments Jane made earlier. Similarly, in some cases, @ is used for "attention" in email messages originally sent to others. For example, if an email was sent from Catherine to Steve, but in her email, Catherine wanted to make Keirsten aware of something, Catherine would start the line @Keirsten to show Keirsten that the following sentence concerns her. It also helps mobile email users who can not see bold or color in an email.

In microblogging (like Twitter and social-based GNU microblogs), @ before a username is used to send publicly readable replies (eg @otheruser: Text message here ). Blogs and client software can automatically interpret this as a link to the intended user. When included as part of a person or company contact details, the @ symbol followed by the name is usually understood to refer to a Twitter ID. The same usage of the @ symbol is also available for Facebook users on September 15, 2009. On Internet Relay Chat (IRC), this is indicated before nicks users to indicate they have carrier status on the channel.

In American English, @ can be used to add information about sports events. Where the opposing sports team has their names separated by "v" (for opponents), the visitors can be written first - and the normal "v" is replaced with @ to convey where the team's home pitch will be played. This use was not followed in English English, as conventionally the home team was written first.

In some communities, @ is, against the current trend, added to the end of the call, e.g. deraadt @, to retain its original meaning - "& lt; nick & gt; on (this site/community)".

Computer language

@ is used in various programming languages ​​and other computer languages, although there is no consistent theme for its use. As an example:

• In ALGOL 68, the @ symbol is the short form of the keyword at ; used to change the lower bound of an array. For example: arrayx [@ 88] now refers to an array starting at index 88.
• In ActionScript, @ is used in XML parsing and traversal as a string prefix to identify different attributes with child elements.
• In CSS, @ is used in a special statement outside the CSS block.
• In C #, it shows "string verbatim", in which no escaped characters and two double-quote characters represent a single double quote. As a prefix it also allows keywords to be used as identifiers, stropping forms.
• In DIGITAL Command Language, the @ character is the command used to run the command procedure. To run the VMSINSTAL.COM command procedure, someone will type @VMSINSTAL at the command prompt.
• In the ASP.NET MVC template markup syntax, the @ character indicates the beginning of the code statement block or the beginning of the text content.
• In Forth, this is used to extract values ​​from the address at the top of the stack. The operator is pronounced as "fetch".
• In Haskell, this is used in what is called as-pattern . This notation can be used to give an alias to a pattern, making it easier to read.
• In Java, it has been used to indicate annotations, sort of metadata, since version 5.0.
• In LiveCode, it starts with a parameter to indicate that the parameter is passed by the reference.
• In ML, it shows a merge list.
• In the logic of capital, especially when representing the possibility of the world, @ is sometimes used as a logical symbol to show the real world (our world "in").
• In Objective-C, @ begins with language-specific keywords such as @implementation and for forming string literals.
• In Pascal, @ is the "address of" operator (this tells the location where the variable is found).
• In Perl, the @ prefixes variable contains an array of array @ array , including array array @array [2..5,7,9] and hash slices @hash < span> { 'foo' , 'bar' , 'baz' } or @hash { qw (foo bar baz) } . This use is known as sigil.
• In PHP, it is used just before the expression to make the interpreter suppress the error that will result from that expression.
• In Python 2.4 and above, it is used to decorate a function (wrapping another function at creation). With Python 3.5 and higher, it is also used as an operator of too many matrix multiplications.
• In Ruby, it functions as a sigil: @ prefixes instance variable, and @@ starts the class variable.
• In Scala, this is used to indicate annotations (like in Java), and also to bind names to subpatterns in pattern matching expressions.
• In Swift, @ the "annotation" prefix can be applied to a class or member. Annotations tell the compiler to apply specific semantics to declarations like keywords, without adding keywords to the language.
• In T-SQL, @ prefixes variables and @@ add niladic system functionality.
• In some xBase programming languages, such as DBASE, FoxPro/Visual FoxPro and Clipper, this is used to indicate the position on the screen. For example: @ 1.1 SAY "HELLO" to display the word "HELLO "on line 1, column 1.
• In FoxPro/Visual FoxPro, this is also used to indicate an explicit pass by referencing a variable when calling a procedure or function (but this is not the address operator).
• In Windows PowerShell, @ is used as an array operator for literal array and hash tables and to attach literals here-strings.
• In the Domain Name System, @ is used to represent class = "" style = "" dir = "ltr"> $ ORIGIN , usually the "root" domain without sub- domain prefix. (Ex: wikipedia.org vs. www.wikipedia.org)

Gender-neutrality in Spanish and Portuguese

In Portuguese and Spanish, where many words end in "-o" when in masculine gender and ending "-a" in feminine, @ is sometimes used as a gender-neutral substitute for the end of "o" defaults. For example, the word amigos traditionally represents not only male friends but also mixed groups, or where gender is unknown. Advocates of gender inclusive language will replace it with amig @ s in these last two cases, and only use amigos only when the group is all-male - and > amigas only when the group is all female. The Real Academia EspaÃÆ' Â ± ola does not approve of this use.

Use and other meanings

• In the literature (mainly English) scientific and technical, @ is used to describe the conditions under which valid data or measurements have been made. For example. density of salt water can be read d = 1.050 g/cm ³ @ 15Ã, Â ° C (read "on" for @), gas density d = 0.150 g/L @ 20 Â ° C, 1 bar, or car sound 81 dB @ 80 km/h (speed).
• As abbreviation for alias in articles about missing people, obituaries, brief reports - for example: "John Smith @ Jean Smyth" (possibly an abbreviation of alias). For example, a Singaporean Chinese can use two transliterations of his Chinese name (eg, Mao Tse-Tung @ Mao Zedong).
• In the chemical formula, @ is used to denote trapped atoms or molecules. For example, La @ C ₆₀ means lanthanum in a fullerene cage. See the Endohedral Fullerene article for details.
• In Malagasy, @ is an informal acronym for prepositional form amin'ny .
• In genetics, @ stands for locus, as in IGL @ for loca immunoglobulin lambda .
• In the Koalib language in Sudan, @ is used as a letter in the Arabic loan word. The Unicode Consortium rejected the proposal to encode it separately as a letter in Unicode, but SIL International uses the U F247 and U F248 Personal Use area codes for lower case and capital versions.
• Schwa, as a true schwa character "?" may be difficult to produce on many computers. These are used in this capacity in the ASCII IPA scheme of SAMPA, X-SAMPA, and Kirshenbaum.
• In the leet it can replace the letter "A".
• Often used in typing and text messaging as an abbreviation for "at".
• In Portugal it can be used to type and send messages with the meaning "french kiss" ( linguado ).
• In the online discourse, @ is used by some anarchists instead of the traditional circle-A.

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Names in other languages ​​

Source of the article : Wikipedia