camera phone is a phone that can take photos and often record videos using one or more built-in digital cameras. The first camera phone was sold in 2000 in Japan, the model of J-SH04 Sharp J-Phone, although some argue that SCH-V200 and Kyocera VP-210 Visual Phone, both introduced months earlier in South Korea and Japan, were the first camera phones.
Most camera phones are simpler than separate digital cameras. Their regular fixed focus lenses and smaller sensors limit their performance in poor lighting. It has no physical shutter, some have long shutter lags. Photoflash is usually provided by an LED source that illuminates less intensely during longer lighting times than a bright and almost instant flash strobe. Optical zoom and tripod screw is rare and no one has a hot shoe to attach an external flash. Some also do not have a USB connection or removable memory card. Most have Bluetooth and WiFi, and can create geotagged photos. Some of the more expensive camera phones have only a few technical drawbacks, but with larger image sensors (slightly up to 1 "), their ability to approach point-and-shoot low-end cameras.In the smartphone era, the steady increase in camera phone sales led to point-and-shoot camera sales peaked around 2010. After that, most model lines improve their cameras every year or two.
Most modern smartphones only have menu options to start camera app programs and on-screen buttons to activate the shutter. Some also have separate camera buttons, for speed and convenience. Some camera phones are designed to resemble separate low-end compact digital cameras in appearance and to some extent in feature and image quality, and are branded as phones and cameras.
The main advantages of camera phones are cost and compactness; indeed for users who carry the phone, its addition can be ignored. Smartphones that are camera phones can run mobile apps to add capabilities like geotagging and image connecting. In addition, smartphones can use their touch screens to direct their cameras to focus on specific objects in the field of view, even giving the user inexperienced control level the focus is only exceeded by experienced photographers using manual focus. However, the touch screen, which became a general purpose control, lacked the agility of dedicated dedicated camera buttons and dial.
Video Camera phone
Technology
Camera
Almost all camera phones use CMOS image sensors, due to the significantly reduced power consumption compared to CCD type cameras, which are also used, but in some camera phones. Some camera phones even use the more expensive Illuminated CMOS Backside which uses lower energy than CMOS, although it is more expensive than CMOS and CCD.
Because camera phone technology has evolved over the years, lens design has evolved from a simple Gauss or Cooket triplet to many plastic aspheric lens elements made with various dispersions and refractive indices. The latest generation of mobile cameras also implements distortion (optics), vignetting, and various optical irregularities corrected in the image before being compressed into.jpeg format. '
Most camera phones have a digital zoom feature. Some have optical zoom. External camera can be added, wirelessly coupled to phone over Wi-Fi. They are compatible with most smart phones.
Images
Images are usually stored in JPEG file format, except for some high-end camera phones that also feature RAW and Android 5.0 Lollipop has the amenities. Windows phones can be configured to operate as cameras even when the phone is in sleep state. External flash can be used, to improve performance.
Mobile phones usually store images and videos in a directory called/DCIM in internal memory. Some can store this media in external memory (Secure digital card or USB drive on drive go).
Multimedia Messaging Service
The camera phone can share images instantly and automatically through an integrated infrastructure that integrates with the operator network. Initial developers include Philippe Kahn envisioning technologies that will allow service providers to "collect fees every time someone takes a photo". The resulting technology, Multimedia Messaging Service and Sha-Mail, is developed in parallel and competes to open up Internet-based mobile communications provided by GPRS and then 3G networks.
The first commercial camera phone complete with infrastructure was J-SH04, manufactured by Sharp Corporation; it has an integrated CCD sensor, with a Sha-Mail (Picture-Mail in Japanese) infrastructure developed in collaboration with LightSurf Kahn's business, and marketed starting in 2001 by J-Phone in Japan today owned by Softbank. The first commercial deployment in North America on camera phones was in 2004. Sprint wireless carriers deploy more than one million camera phones produced by Sanyo and launched by the PictureMail infrastructure (Sha-Mail in English) developed and maintained by LightSurf.
While the initial phone has Internet connectivity, a web browser and a working email program, the phone menu does not offer a way to include photos in emails or upload them to websites. Connecting cables or removable media that allow the transfer of local images are also usually lost. Modern smartphones have almost unlimited connectivity and transfer options with photo attachment features.
External camera
During 2003 (when camera phones became popular), in Europe several phones without cameras had support for MMS and external cameras that could be connected by a small cable or directly to the data port at the bottom of the phone. The external camera is comparable in quality to that installed on a regular camera phone at the time, usually offering VGA resolution.
In 2013-2014 Sony and other manufacturers announced additional camera modules for smartphones called lens-style cameras. They have sensors and lenses that are larger than in camera phones but do not have a viewfinder, screen and most controls. They can be plugged into your Android or iOS phone or tablet and use the screen and its controls. The lens-style camera includes:
- The Sony SmartShot QX series, announced and released in mid-2013. They include the DSC-QX100/B, the massive Sony ILCE-QX1, and the small Sony DSC-QX30.
- Kodak PixPro smart lens camera series, announced in 2014.
- The Vivicam smart lens camera series from Vivitar/Sakar, announced in 2014.
- HTC RE HTC also announced an external camera module for smartphones, which can take 16 MP still images and Full HD video. The RE module is also water resistant and dust resistant, so it can be used in various conditions.
External camera for thermal imaging is also available by the end of 2014.
Maps Camera phone
History
The camera phone, like many complicated systems, is the result of converging technologies and enabling. There have been dozens of relevant patents since 1956. Compared to digital cameras, reliable camera consumers in mobile phones will require far less power and higher levels of electronic camera integration to enable miniaturization.
The CMOS active pixel sensor "camera-on-a-chip" developed by Eric Fossum and his team in the early 1990s reached the first step towards realizing a modern camera phone as described in the March 1995 Business Week article. While the first camera phone (eg J-SH04), successfully marketed by J-Phone in Japan, uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor instead of a CMOS sensor, over 90% of camera phones sold today use CMOS image sensor technology.
Over the years there have been many videophones and cameras that have included communication skills. Some devices are experimenting with device integration to communicate wirelessly with the Internet, which will allow instant media sharing with anyone on the go. For example, in 1995 Apple experimented with Apple Videophone/PDA. There are several digital cameras with mobile phone transmission capabilities shown by companies such as Kodak, Olympus in the early 1990s. There are also digital cameras with mobile phones designed by Shosaku Kawashima of Canon in Japan in May 1997. In Japan, two competing projects were run by Sharp and Kyocera in 1997. Both have phones with integrated cameras. However, the Kyocera system is designed as a peer-to-peer video phone as opposed to the Sharp project that was initially focused on instant image sharing. That's possible when the Sharp device is incorporated into a Sha-mail infrastructure designed in collaboration with Kahn, an American technologist. The Kyocera team is led by Kazumi Saburi. In 1995, work by James Greenwold of the Bureau of Technical Services, in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, developed a pocket video camera for surveillance purposes. In 1999, the Tardis recorder was in prototype and used by the government. Bureau of Technical Services advanced further with patent no. 6,845,215, B1 on "Body-Carryable, Digital Storage media, Audio/Video recording Assembly".
The camera phone was invented by Kenneth Parulski and James Schueckler, two engineers at Kodak, in 1995. Their patent application was filed with the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on April 24, 1995. The patent application specifically describes the combination as a separate digital camera connected to the phone or as an integrated system with both sub-systems combined in a single unit. The design of their patent applications includes all the basic functions of camera phones that are applied over the years: the capture, storage, selection, and display of digital images and the means of transmitting images over a mobile phone network to a number of recipients via stored numbers or keyboard input. Upon receipt of a patent application, the USPTO publishes a complete application in the monthly print volume of a new patent application and on the USPTO.gov website as they do for all patent applications. Publishing full disclosure of patent application charts and texts enables others to file pre-existence claims. Publishing all the details also allows the concept and technology to spread; other people or companies can understand the technology so they can license Kodak's patents or extend the concept (eg backwards camera). On September 9, 1997, the USPTO granted US Pat. 5,666,159 to Parulski and Schueckler. This patent was cited by 207 patents later as the invention of the camera phone.
On June 11, 1997, Philippe Kahn immediately distributed the first photographs of the maternity ward where his daughter Sophie was born. He wirelessly sends his cell phone images to over 2,000 family, friends and colleagues around the world. Kahn's wireless sharing software and cameras integrated into his mobile phone enhance the birth of instant visual communications. Kahn's mobile phone is the first known public image on mobile.
Cameras on mobile proved popular from the beginning, as shown by J-Phone in Japan after having more than half of its customers using mobile cameras in two years. The world is soon followed. In 2003, more camera phones were sold worldwide than stand-alone digital cameras largely due to growth in Japan and Korea. In 2005, Nokia became the most sold digital camera brand in the world. In 2006, half of the phones in the world have built-in cameras. In 2006, Thuraya released the first satellite phone with an integrated camera. The Thuraya SG-2520 is manufactured by the Korean company APSI and runs Windows CE. In 2008, Nokia sold more camera phones than Kodak sells film-based simple cameras, making it the largest type camera manufacturer. In 2010, the number of camera phones worldwide reached more than one billion. Since 2010, most of the phones, even the cheapest ones, are sold with cameras. High-end camera phones usually have relatively good lenses and high resolution.
High resolution camera phones began to appear in the 2010s. The 12 megapixel camera phone has been produced by at least two companies. To highlight the capabilities of the Nokia N8 (Big CMOS Sensor) camera, Nokia made a short film, The Commuter , in October 2010. The seven-minute film was captured entirely on 720p camera phones. A 14-megapixel smartphone with 3ÃÆ'â € "optical zoom is announced at the end of 2010. Apple iPhone starts including a 12-megapixel camera with iPhone 6S and 6S Plus in 2015 (8 megapixels on models released in previous years), and continues to do so with iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, introduced in 2016, while the latter includes a dual-lens camera and includes 2ÃÆ'â € â„¢ optical zoom. In 2012, Nokia announced the Nokia 808 PureView. It has a 1/1.2-inch 41-megapixel sensor and a Zeiss all-asferical high-resolution f/2.4 lens. It also features Nokia's PureView Pro technology, oversampling pixel technique that reduces images taken at full resolution into lower resolution images, thus achieving higher definition and light sensitivity, and enabling lossless zoom. In mid 2013, Nokia announced the Nokia Lumia 1020. It has an improved version of 41 megapixel sensor.
Manufacturer
The major camera manufacturers for the phone include Toshiba, ST Micro, Sharp, Omnivision, and Aptina (Now part of ON Semiconductor).
Social impact
Personal photography allows people to capture and build personal and group memories, maintain social relationships and express their identities. Hundreds of millions of camera phones sold each year provide equal opportunities, but these functions are changed and allow for different user experiences. As the phone continues to carry, the camera phone makes it possible to capture moments at any time. Mobile communications also enable the transmission of content directly (eg via Multimedia Messaging Service), which can not be reversed or regulated. Brooke Knight observed that "carrying an unintegrated external camera (like a DSLR) always changes the role of the wearer at an event, from participants to photographers." Users of cameraphone, on the other hand, can remain a participant in whatever moment they portray. The photos taken on the video camera serve to prove the physical presence of the photographer. The proximity of the sharing and the accompanying attraction allow photographs shared via kameraphones to emphasize indexing of their photographers.
While the phone has been found useful by tourists and for other general civil purposes, because they are cheap, convenient, and portable; they also cause controversy, because they allow secret photography. Users can pretend to be just talking on the phone or surfing the internet, not attracting suspicion when photographing a person or a place in a non-public area where photography is restricted, or photographing the person's wishes. At the same time, the camera phone has allowed every citizen to use freedom of speech by being able to communicate quickly to others what he has seen with his own eyes. In the most democratic free countries, there are no restrictions on photography in public and thus the camera phone allows a new form of citizen journalism, art photography, and recording a person's life experience for facebook or blogging.
The camera phones are also very useful for street photographers and social documentary photographers as they allow them to take stranger shots on the street without them realizing it, thus allowing the artist/photographer to approach or his subject and take a livelier photo. While most people suspect covert photography, street photography artists (such as Henri Cartier-Bresson), photojournalists and photographers documenting people in public (such as photographers documenting the Great Depression of the 1930s in America) have often been unconsciously subjected. often unwilling to be photographed or unaware of the legitimate use of secret photography such as photographs ending in art galleries and journalism.
As a network-connected device, megapixel camera phones play an important role in crime prevention, journalism and business applications as well as individual use. They can also be used for activities such as voyeurism, privacy violations, and copyright infringement. Since they can be used for immediate media sharing, they are powerful personal content creation tools. On January 17, 2007, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans to encourage people to use their mobile cameras to capture crimes that occurred in the process or dangerous situation and send them to emergency responders. Through this program, people will be able to send their pictures or videos directly to 911. The camera phone has also been used to snap photos in secret in museums, showrooms, and other places where photography is prohibited. However, because sharing can be done instantaneously, even if the action is found, it is too late, because the image is out of reach, unlike photos taken by a digital camera that only stores images locally for later transfers (however, because newer digital cameras support Wi-Fi, photographers can do photography with DSLR and instantly post photos on the internet via Wi-Fi phones and 3G capabilities).
In addition to street photographers and social documentary photographers or cinematographers, camera phones have also been successfully used by war photographers. The small size of the camera phone allows war photographers to secretly film the men and women who fought in the war, without them realizing that they have been photographed, so that mobile cameras allow war photographers to document the war while maintaining its safety..
In 2010, in Ireland, the annual "RTÃÆ'" 60secs short "award was won by 15-year-old Laura Gaynor, who made her the winning cartoon" Piece of Cake "on her Sony Ericsson C510 phone. In 2012, Director/writer Eddie Brown Jr. made the thriller of Camera Phone that was one of the first commercial films to be produced using a camera phone as a candidate for the story. This movie is reenactment of the real case and they change the name to protect those involved. Some modern camera phones (in 2013-2014) have large sensors, allowing street photographers or other types of photographers to take photos of similar quality to semi-pro cameras.
Camera as an interaction device
Smartphone cameras are used as input devices in various research projects and commercial applications. An example of commercial success is the use of QR Codes attached to physical objects. QR codes can be perceived by mobile phones using their cameras and provide appropriate links to related digital content, usually URLs. Another approach is to use a camera image to recognize objects. Content-based image analysis is used to recognize physical objects such as ad posters to provide information about objects. The hybrid approach uses a combination of non-prominent visual markers and image analysis. An example is predicting camera camera poses to create real-time overlays for 3D paper globes.
Some smartphones can provide an added overlay of reality for a 2D object and recognize multiple objects on the phone using a stripped object recognition algorithm as well as using GPS and compass. Some can translate text from foreign languages. Auto-geotagging can show the place of shooting, promote interaction, and allow photos to be mapped with others as a comparison.
Smartphones can use their front camera (lower performance compared to rear camera) facing users for purposes such as self-portraiture (selfie) and videoconferencing.
Smartphones typically can not be mounted on a tripod, which can create a problem while filming or photographing with long exposure time.
Legal
The camera phone, or more specifically, the use of such phones widely as cameras by the general public, has increased exposure to laws relating to public and private photography. The laws relating to other types of cameras also apply to camera phones. There is no special law for camera phones. Enforcing a ban on camera phones has proven to be almost impossible. They are small and plentiful and their use is easily hidden or disguised, making it difficult for law enforcement and security personnel to detect or discontinue use. The total ban on camera phones will also raise questions about freedom of speech and press freedom, as the ban on camera phones will prevent a citizen or a journalist (or a citizen journalist) from communicating to others a news event that can be captured on camera phones.
From time to time, organizations and places prohibit or restrict the use of camera and camera phones due to privacy, security, and copyright issues they propose. Places like that include the Pentagon, federal and state courts, museums, schools, theaters, and a local fitness club. Saudi Arabia, in April 2004, banned the sale of national camera phones for a while before requiring their sales in December 2004 (although pilgrims at Hajj were allowed to carry camera phones). Sometimes there are camera phone anecdotes associated with industrial espionage and paparazzi activity (which is legal but often controversial), as well as some hacking into wireless carrier networks.
Key events involving camera phone
- The 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake was the first global news event in which most of the first-day news footage is no longer provided by professional news crews, but by citizen journalists, primarily using camera phones.
- On November 17, 2006, during a show at the Laugh Factory comedy club, comedian Michael Richards was recorded in response to hecklers with racial insults by members of the audience using a camera phone. The video was widely circulated on television and internet news broadcasts.
- On December 30, 2006, the execution of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was recorded by a video camera phone, and made widely on the Internet. A guard was arrested a few days later.
- Camera phone videos and photos taken immediately after the July 7 London 2005 bombings are shown worldwide. CNN executive Jonathan Klein predicts mobile phone camera recordings will be increasingly used by news organizations.
- The camera phone's digital images help spread the 2009 Iranian electoral protests.
- The camera phone recorded BART Police shooting over Oscar Grant.
See also
- Additional memory
- Mobile phone accessories
- Modular Smartphone
- Smartwatch
- Video editor
References
External links
Media related to mobile phones with cameras on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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