Google Search , commonly referred to as Google Web Search or just Google , is a web search engine developed by Google. It is the most used search engine on the World Wide Web, handling over three billion searches daily. As of April 2018, this is the most widely used search engine in the US with 79% market share.
The order of search results returned by Google is based, in part, on a priority ranking system called "PageRank". Google Search also provides many different options for custom search, using symbols to include, exclude, define or require certain search behavior, and offer special interactive experiences such as flight status and packet tracking, weather forecast, currency, unit and time conversion, word definitions, and more.
The main purpose of Google Search is to search for text in publicly accessible documents offered by web servers, as opposed to other data, such as images or data contained in the database. Originally developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997. In June 2011 Google introduced "Google Voice Search" to search for spoken words instead of typed. In May 2012 Google introduced the semantic search feature of the Knowledge Graph in the US.
Frequency analysis of search terms can show economic, social and health trends. Data on the frequency of use of search terms on Google can be openly questioned through Google Trends and has been shown to correlate with flu outbreaks and unemployment rates, and provide information faster than traditional reporting and survey methods. By mid 2016, Google's search engine has begun to rely on deep neural networks.
Competitors from Google include Baidu and Soso.com in China; Naver.com and Daum.net in South Korea; Yandex in Russia; Seznam.cz in the Czech Republic; Yahoo in Japan, Taiwan and the US, as well as Bing and DuckDuckGo. Some of the smaller search engines offer facilities that are not available on Google, e.g. do not store any personal information or tracking whatsoever.
Video Google Search
PageRank
Google's rise to success is largely due to a patented algorithm called PageRank that helps rank web pages that match certain search strings. When Google was a Stanford research project, it was dubbed BackRub because technology checks backlinks to determine the importance of a site. The previous keyword-based method of ranking search results, used by many search engines that were once more popular than Google, will rank pages based on how often search terms occur on the page, or how strongly they relate to search terms within each generated page. The PageRank algorithm instead analyzes man-made links assuming that webpages linked from many important pages themselves are probably important. The algorithm calculates the recursive score for the page, based on the weighted number of PageRank of the page linking to the page. PageRank is considered to correlate well with important human concepts. In addition to PageRank, Google, over the years, has added many other secret criteria to rank pages in the list of results, reported to have more than 250 different indicators, undisclosed details to keep spam at bay and help Google maintain its leading edge globally.
In a potential clue about Google's future direction for their Search algorithm, Eric Schmidt, Google's chief executive, said in a 2007 interview with Financial Times: "The goal is to enable Google users to ask questions like ' What do I do tomorrow? ' and 'What work should I take?' ". Schmidt confirmed this during a 2010 interview with the Wall Street Journal: "I really think most people do not want Google to answer their questions, they want Google to tell them what to do next."
In 2013, the European Commission found that Google Search prefers Google's own products, rather than offering consumers the best results for their needs. In February 2015 Google announced major changes to its mobile search algorithm that would prefer mobile friendly over other websites. Nearly 60% of Google's online search traffic comes from mobile phones. Google says it wants its users to have access to premium quality websites. Websites that do not have a mobile-friendly interface will be downgraded and hopefully this update will cause a rank reshuffle. Businesses that fail to update their website can see a slump in their regular website traffic.
Maps Google Search
Indexing search
Google indexes hundreds of terabytes of information from web pages. For websites that are currently or unavailable, Google provides links to cached website versions, established by the latest indexing of search engines from those pages. In addition, Google indexes several file types, capable of displaying user PDFs, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentations, specific Flash multimedia content, and plain text files. Users can also enable "SafeSearch", a filtering technology that aims to prevent explicit content and pornography from appearing in search results.
In 2012, Google changed its search indexing tool to demote sites that have been accused of piracy.
Non-indexable data
Although Google's search index is overwhelming, sources generally assume that Google indexes less than 5% of the total Internet, with the rest of the web in deep, inaccessible through its search tool.
Google Optimization
Since Google is the most popular search engine, many webmasters try to influence their Google website rankings. An industry consultant has appeared to help websites improve their ranking on Google and in other search engines. This field, called search engine optimization, attempts to distinguish patterns in search engine listings, and then develops a methodology to improve rankings to attract more searchers to their clients' sites. Search engine optimization includes both "on page" factors (such as body copy, title element, H1 heading element and alt image attribute value) and Off Page Optimization factors (such as anchor text and PageRank). The general idea is to influence Google's relevance algorithm by including targeted keywords in various places "on the page", especially title elements and content copies (note: higher on the page, it seems the better the keyword's superiority and thus the rankings). Too many keyword occurrences, causing the page to look suspicious on Google's spam checking algorithm. Google has published guidelines for website owners who want to improve their ratings when using legitimate optimization consultants. It has been hypothesized, and, presumably, the opinion of a business owner about which there are many complaints, negative publicity, for example, many consumer complaints, can also serve to improve the page rank in Google Search as a favorable comment. The specific issue discussed in The New York Times article, involving DecorMyEyes, has been handled shortly thereafter by undisclosed improvements in the Google algorithm. According to Google, it is not a frequent consumer complaint about DecorMyEyes that results in high rankings but mentions on news sites events that affect companies like legal action against them. Google Search Console helps check websites that use duplicate or copyright content.
Universal search
"Universal Search" was launched by Google on May 16, 2007 as an idea that combines the results of different types of search into one. Before Universal search, standard Google search will only contain links to websites. The universal search, however, combines multiple sources, including websites, news, images, maps, blogs, videos, and more, all displayed on the same search results page. Marissa Mayer, vice president of search products and user experience, describes Universal's search goal as "we are trying to break walls that traditionally segregate various search properties and integrate the vast amount of information available into a simple set of search results.
"Caffeine" upgrade search architecture
In August 2009, Google invited web developers to test the new search architecture, codenamed "Caffeine", and provided their feedback. The new architecture does not make a visual difference in the user interface, but adds a significant speed boost and new "under the hood" indexing infrastructure. The move was interpreted in several quarters in response to Microsoft's latest release of its improved search service version, renamed Bing, and the launch of Wolfram Alpha, a new search engine based on "computational knowledge". Google announced the completion of "Caffeine" on June 8, 2010, claiming 50% of the results are fresher due to the continuous update of its index.
With "Caffeine", Google moved its back-end indexing system from MapReduce and to Bigtable, the company's distributed database platform.
Knowledge Graph
The Knowledge Graph is the knowledge base used by Google to improve its search engine results with information collected from various sources. This information is presented to the user in the box to the right of the search results. The Knowledge Graph Box is added to Google search engine in May 2012, starting in the United States, with international expansion by the end of the year. The information covered by the Knowledge Graph grows significantly after launch, tripling in its original size in seven months, and capable of answering "about one-third" of the 100 billion Google-processed monthly searches in May 2016. This information is often used in response spoken in Google Now and Google Home search. The Knowledge Graph has been criticized for providing answers without source attribution.
"Hummingbird search algorithm" improves
In 2013, Google significantly improved its search algorithm with "Hummingbird". Its name comes from the speed and accuracy of hummingbirds. The changes were announced on 26th September 2013, which has been in use for a month. "Hummingbird" places greater emphasis on natural language questions, taking into consideration the context and meaning of individual keywords. It also looks deeper on the content on every website page, with an increased ability to direct users directly to the most appropriate page rather than just the website's homepage. This increase marks the most significant change to Google search over the years, with more "human" search interactions and a much heavier focus on conversation and meaning. Thus, web developers and authors are encouraged to optimize their sites by writing naturally rather than forced keywords, and leveraging technical web development effectively for on-site navigation.
Custom mobile search results
In October 2016, Gary Illyes, a webmaster trend analyst with Google, announced that search engines will create separate dedicated web indexes dedicated to mobile devices, with a less-updated secondary index for desktop use. The change is a response to continued growth in mobile usage, and a push for web developers to adopt a mobile-friendly version of the website. In December 2017, Google began rolling out changes, having done so for some websites.
Function
Google search consists of a series of localized websites. The biggest of them, the site google.com, is the most visited website in the world. Some features include definition links for most searches including dictionary words, the number of results you get on your search, links to other searches (eg for words that Google believes are misspelled, it provides links to search results using the proposed spelling ), and much more.
Search syntax
Google Search receives requests as normal text, as well as individual keywords. Automatically corrects misspelled words, and produces the same results regardless of capitalization. For more customized results, one may use a variety of operators, including, but not limited to:
-
OR- Search for a web page containing one of two similar queries, such as marathon OR race -
-(minus sign) - Exclude words or phrases, such as "apple -tree" search where the "tree" is not used -
""- Force inclusion of words or phrases, such as "highest building" -
*- The placeholder symbol allows the alternate word in the query context, like "largest * in the world" -
..- Search in various numbers, such as "camera $ 50.. $ 100" -
site:- Search within a specific website, such as "site: youtube.com" -
define:- See definitions of words, such as "define: phrase" -
shares:- See stock prices of investments, such as "shares: googl" -
related:- Find web pages related to specific URL addresses, such as "related: www.wikipedia.org" -
cache:- Highlight search words in cached pages, such as "cache: www.google.com xxx" show cached content with the word "xxx" is highlighted. -
@- Search for specific words on social media networks, such as "@ twitter"
Query expansion
Google applies a query expansion to a submitted search query, using a technique to deliver results that are considered "smarter" than the actual user requested. This technique involves several steps, including:
- The word stemming - Certain words can be reduced so other similar terms, also found in the results, such as "translator" can also search for "translations"
- Acronyms - Abbreviated searches can also return results about names in full length, such as "NATO" can show results for "North Atlantic Treaty Organization"
- Incorrect spelling - Google often recommends correct spelling of misspelled words
- Synonyms - In many cases where a word is not used correctly in phrases or sentences, a Google search will show results based on the correct synonyms
- Translations - Search engines can, in some instances, suggest results for certain words in different languages ​​
- Ignoring words - In some search queries containing foreign or unimportant words, a Google search will only drop specific words from the query
In 2008, Google began giving users search suggestions that were auto-populated in the list below the search box when typing.
"I'm Feeling Lucky"
Google homepage includes a button labeled "I Feel Lucky". This feature initially allows users to type their search query, click the button and taken directly to the first result, past the search results page. With the Google Instant 2010 announcement, an automated feature that immediately displays relevant results as users type in their query, the "I'm Feeling Lucky" button disappears, requiring users to opt out of Instant results through search settings to keep the "I'm Feeling Lucky" functionality. In 2012, "I'm Feeling Lucky" is changed to serve as an ad for Google services; users turn their computer mouse over the button, it rotates and shows emotion ("I'm Feeling Confused" or "I Feel Trendy", for example), and, when clicked, takes the user to the Google service associated with it's emotions.
Tom Chavez of "Rapt", a company that helps determine the value of website advertising, estimated in 2007 that Google lost $ 110 million in revenue per year due to the use of keys, which ignored ads found on search results pages.
Rich snippets
In May 2009, Google announced that it would parse the microformat website to populate search results pages with "Rich snippets". The trailer includes additional details about the results, such as showing reviews for restaurants and social media accounts for individuals.
In May 2016, Google expanded on the "Rich snippets" format to offer "Rich cards", which are similar to trailers, show more information about the results, but show them at the top of mobile websites in a swipeable, swipable format. Initially limited to movie and recipe websites in the United States alone, this feature is extended to all countries globally by 2017.
Custom interactive features
In addition to Google's main search-based search text search feature, it also offers some quick, interactive experience. This includes, but is not limited to:
- Calculator
- Time zone, currency, and unit conversions
- The word translation
- Flight status
- Local movie views
- Weather forecast
- Population and unemployment
- Package tracking
- Definitions of words
- "Perform a roll barrel" (search page rotates)
- "italics" (results appear sideways)
Google Doodles
On certain occasions, the logo on Google's web page will change to a special version, known as "Google Doodle". These are images, images, animations or interactive games that include a logo. Usually done for special events or days although not all are well known. Click the Doodle link to a thread of Google search results about that topic. The first was a reference to the Burning Man Festival in 1998, and the other has been produced for the birthdays of famous people such as Albert Einstein, historic events such as the Lego bloc's 50th anniversary and holidays like Valentine's Day. Some Google Doodles have interactivity beyond simple searches, such as the famous "Google Pacman" version that appeared on May 21, 2010.
"OK Google" conversation search
During the Google developer conference in May 2013, the company announced that, in Google Chrome and Chrome OS, users would be able to say "Ok Google", with the browser initiating an audio-based search, without pressing any necessary buttons. Once the answers are presented, the user can follow up with additional, contextual questions; an example includes initially asking "OK Google, will it be sunny in Santa Cruz this weekend?", heard oral answers, and replied with "how far from here?" An update for the Chrome browser with the voice search function was launched a week later, though pressing the button on the microphone icon rather than "OK Google" voice activation was required. Google released a browser extension for the Chrome browser, named after the "beta" tag for unfinished development, not long after. In May 2014, the company officially added "Ok Google" to the browser itself, even though the company deleted it in October 2015, citing low usage reasons, even though the microphone icon for activation remains available. As of May 2016, 20% of search queries on mobile devices are done by voice.
Personal Tab
In May 2017, Google activated a new "Personal" tab in Google Search, allowing users to search for content across their various Google account services, including email messages from Gmail and photos from Google Photos.
Google for Jobs
As of June 2017, Google expanded its search results to include a list of available jobs. Data were collected from various main job boards and collected by analyzing the company's homepage. Originally available only in English, this feature aims to simplify finding a suitable job for each user.
Google feed
Google Feed is a stream of personalized articles, videos, and other news related content. The feed contains a "mix of cards" that shows interest topics based on user interactions with Google, or topics they choose to follow directly. Cards include, "links to news, YouTube videos, sports scores, recipes, and other content based on what [Google] decides you're likely to be interested in that moment." Users can also tell Google that they are not interested in a particular topic to avoid seeing updates in the future.
Google feed launched in December 2016 and received a major update in July 2017. In May 2018, Google feeds can be found in the Google app and by swiping left on the home screen of certain Android devices.
Discontinued Features
Translate foreign page
Until May 2013, Google Search has offered a feature to restrict search results to specific languages. A Google spokesperson told Search Engine Land that "Removing features is always difficult, but we think very hard about every decision and its implications for our users, unfortunately, this feature never sees much retrieval."
Instant search
An instant search was announced in September 2010 as a feature that displays the suggested results as users type in their search queries. The main advantage of the new system is its ability to save time, with Marissa Mayer, vice president of search products and user experience, stating that the feature will save 2-5 seconds per search, outlining that "It may not seem like much at first, but it With Google Instant, we estimate that we'll save our users 11 hours every second! "Matt Van Wagner from Search Engine Land writes that" Personally I like Google Instant and I think it represents natural evolution in the way search work, "and also praised Google's efforts in public relations, wrote that" With just a press conference and some well-placed interviews, Google has risked this relatively small speed increase into an exciting front page news story attention". This increase is also important for companies that transition Google Search's basic technology from HTML to AJAX.
Instant Search can be disabled through Google's "preference" menu for those who do not want their functionality.
Publications <2600: The Quarterly Hacker compiled a list of words that Google Instant does not show suggested results, with a Google spokesperson providing the following statement to Mashable :
There are a number of reasons you may not see search queries for a particular topic. Among other things, we implemented a narrow set of removal policies for pornography, violence, and hate speech. It's important to note that deleting queries from Autocomplete is a difficult matter, and it's not as simple as blacklisting certain terms and phrases.
In search, we got more than one billion searches daily. Therefore, we take an algorithmic approach to deletion, and just like our search algorithm, this is not perfect. We will continue to improve our approach to removal in Autocomplete, and listen carefully to feedback from our users.
Our algorithm not only looks at certain words, but also aggregated queries based on those words, and in all languages. So, for example, if there is a bad word in Russian, we can remove compound words including Russian word transliteration into English. We also look at the search results themselves for the questions given. So, for example, if a result for a given query looks pornographic, our algorithm can remove the query from Autocomplete, even if the query itself will not violate our policies. The system is not perfect or instant, and we will continue to work to make it better.
PC Magazine discusses inconsistencies in how some forms of the same topic are allowed; for example, "lesbian" is blocked, while "gay" is not, and "cocaine" is blocked, while "crack" and "heroin" are not. The report further states that seemingly normal words are also blocked because of pornographic insinuations, especially "dirt", possibly because it has two completely separate contextual meanings, one for music and one for sexual practice.
In July 2017, Google deleted Instant results, as more searches on mobile devices, where interactions with search, as well as screen size, differ significantly from computer.
Custom encrypted search page
Various search engines provide encrypted Web search facility. In May 2010 Google launched SSL encrypted web search. Encrypted search can be accessed at encrypted.google.com However, web search is encrypted via Transport Layer Security (TLS) by default today, so each search query should be automatically encrypted if TLS is supported by a web browser. On its support website, Google announces that the address encrypted.google.com will shut down on April 30, 2018, stating that all Google products and most new browsers use HTTPS connections as the reason for termination.
Criticism
malware bug January 2009
Google flags search results with the message "This Site may harm your computer" if the site is known to install malicious software in the background or vice versa. Google does this to protect users from visiting sites that may harm their computers. For about 40 minutes on 31 January 2009, all search results were mistakenly classified as malware and therefore not clickable; instead a warning message is displayed and the user is prompted to enter the requested URL manually. The bug was caused by human error. The "/" URL (which extends to all URLs) is incorrectly added to the malware pattern file.
Privacy
Searches made by search engines, including Google, leave a trail. This raises concerns about privacy. In principle, if the user's search details are found, those with access to information - especially state agencies responsible for law enforcement and similar things - can make inferences about user activity. It has been used for the detection and prosecution of offenders; for example a killer was found and punished after searching for terms like "killing tips with baseball bat".
Searches can leave traces on the computers used to search, and in recordings stored by search providers. When using a search engine through a browser program on a computer, search terms and other information can be stored on the computer by default, unless the browser is not set to do this, or deleted. Stored terms can be found on computer forensic analysis. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a search engine provider (e.g., Google) can keep records connecting search terms with IP address and time. Whether the logs are stored, and access by law enforcement agencies, are subject to legislation in various jurisdictions and work practices; laws may mandate, prohibit, or say nothing about the logging of various types of information. Some search engines, located in jurisdictions where it is not illegal, create features to not store user search information.
Google has been criticized for putting long-term cookies on user machines to store this preference, a tactic that also allows them to track user search terms and retain data for more than a year.
FTC fine
In 2012, the US Federal Trade Commission fined Google US $ 22.5 million for violating their agreement to not violate Apple Safari's user privacy (web browser). The FTC also continues to investigate if Google supports their own services in their search results in violation of antitrust regulations.
Redesign
At the end of June 2011, Google introduced a new look to the Google homepage to increase the use of Google's social tools.
One big change is replacing the classic navigation bar with black bars. Google's digital creative director Chris Wiggins explains: "We're working on a project to provide you with a new and better Google experience, and over the next few months, you'll continue to see more updates for our look and feel." The new navigation bar has been received negatively by the vocal minorities.
In November 2013, Google began testing yellow labels for ads shown in search results, to improve the user experience. New labels, highlighted in yellow, and aligned to the left of each sponsored link help users clearly distinguish between organic and sponsored results.
On December 15, 2016, Google launched a new desktop search interface that mimics their modular mobile user interface. The phone design consists of a tabular design that highlights the search features in the box. and work by copying real estate The desktop Knowledge Graph, which appears on the tracks to the right of search engine results pages, features elements often use the Twitter play commander module, People Also Search For, and Top Stories (vertical and horizontal design). Local and Answer Box Packages are the two original features of the Google SERP that are primarily exhibited in this way, but this new layout creates a level of design consistency that was previously invisible to Google's results.
Smartphone app
Google offers the "Google Search" mobile app for Android and iOS devices. Mobile apps exclusively display "feeds", a stylish-page news feed of up-to-date updates on news and topics of interest to individual users. Android device introduced to feed preview in December 2016, while it was made official on Android and iOS in July 2017.
In April 2016, Google updated its Search app on Android to show "Trends"; the search query gaining popularity appears in the autocomplete box along with the normal request autocompletion. The update receives a significant backlash, as it drives a search query that is not related to user interest or intent, which forces the company to issue updates with the opt-out option. In September 2017, the Google Search app on iOS is updated to show the same functionality.
International availability
Google is available in many languages ​​and has been fully or partially localized for many countries, including separate regional domain names.
One minute domain availability issue
On September 29, 2015, a former Google employee, Sanmay Ved, successfully purchased the Google.com domain through the Google domain registration service and gained full webmaster control. Access closed one minute later. He told the Business Insider that "I used to work at Google so I kept playing with the product I typed on Google.com and I was surprised it showed it was available.... I think it's some error, but I can really solve it ". The fee for the domain is $ 12. As compensation for finding a security vulnerability, Google offers it $ 6,000. After Ved explained that he wanted to give the money to charity, Google doubled the amount to $ 12,000.
Find product
In addition to the tool for searching web pages, Google also provides services for image searching, Usenet newsgroups, news websites, videos, location based searches, maps, and items for sale online. In 2012, Google has indexed more than 30 trillion web pages, and received 100 billion questions per month. It also stores a lot of indexed content. Google operates other tools and services including Google News, Google Shopping, Google Maps, Google Custom Search, Google Earth, Google Docs, Picasa, Panoramio, YouTube, Google Translate, Google Blog Search and Google Desktop Search.
There are also products available from Google that are not directly related to search. Gmail, for example, is a webmail app, but still includes a search feature; Google Browser Sync does not offer any search facility, although it aims to set your browsing time.
Also Google started many new beta products, such as Google Social Search or Google Image Swirl.
Energy consumption
In 2009, Google claimed that search requests require about 1 kJ or 0.0003 kWÃ, Â · h, which is enough to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 0.24 Ã, Â ° C. According to the Ecosia green search engine, the industry standard for search engines are estimated to be around 0.2 grams CO 2 emissions per search. Google 40,000 searches per second translates to 8 kg CO 2 per second or more than 252 million kilo CO 2 per year.
Possible abuse of search results
In 2007, a group of researchers observed the tendency of users to rely exclusively on Google Search for information, writing that "With the Google interface, the user gets the impression that search results imply a kind of totality. [In] In fact, people see only a small part of what which can be seen if someone also integrates other research tools. "
In 2011, Google Search search results have proven to be customized for users by Internet activist Eli Pariser, who effectively isolates the user in what he defines as a filter bubble. Pariser stores algorithms used in search engines like Google Search that are responsible for providing "personal information ecosystems". Although contrasting views have reduced the potential threat of "dystopia information" and questioned the scientific nature of Pariser's claims, the filter bubbles have been mentioned to explain the shocking results of the US presidential election in 2016 along with false news and echo chambers, suggesting that Facebook and Google have designed online reality which is personalized where we just see and hear what we love Ã, Â ».
Predicting behavior
In 2016 New Hampshire primary, the most sought-after Democratic candidate was Bernie Sanders with 72% of the search and won with 60% of the vote, according to real-time results from Google search, and Hillary Clinton received 28% of questions and 38% of the vote. The most sought-after Republican candidate is Donald Trump, who received 41% of searches an hour before the poll closed and won with 35% of the vote and John Kasich got 16% of the votes and search.
See also
References
Further reading
- Google Hacks from O'Reilly is a book with tips on how to use Google effectively. Now in the third edition (2006). ISBN: 0-596-52706-3.
- Google: Missing Manual by Sarah Milstein and Rael Dornfest (O'Reilly, 2004). ISBN: 0-596-00613-6
- How to Do Everything with Google by Fritz Schneider, Nancy Blachman, and Eric Fredricksen (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2003). ISBN: 0-07-223174-2
- The power of Google by Chris Sherman (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2005). ISBN: 0-07-225787-3
-
Barroso, Luiz Andre; Dean, Jeffrey; HÃÆ'¶lzle, Urs (2003). "Web Search for the Planet: Google Cluster Architecture". IEEE Micro . 23 (2): 22-28. doi: 10.1109/MM.2003.1196112.
External links
- Official website
- Genuine Google!
- Google search trends
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments