Tornadoes, cyclones, and other storms with high winds destroy or destroy many buildings. However, with proper design and construction, the destruction of buildings by these forces can be greatly reduced. Various methods can help the buildings survive the strong winds and storm surges.
Video Hurricane-proof building
Storm surge consideration
Waves along the coastline can destroy many buildings. Buildings should be built on high ground to avoid waves. If the waves can reach the building site, the building should be elevated on steel, concrete, or wood poles or anchored to solid rock.
Maps Hurricane-proof building
Wind load considerations
Foundation
The wind acting on the roof surface of a building can cause negative pressure that creates a lifting force sufficient to lift the roof of the building. Once this happens, the building is very weak and the rest of the building is likely to fail as well. To minimize this vulnerability, the upper structure must be anchored through the wall to the foundation.
Some methods can be used to anchor the roof. Typically, the roof truss is "moved" to the top of the wall, which provides inadequate strength to withstand strong winds. The connection of wind spikes to the wall and wrapping above the coil gives a higher force resistance.
Mobile home binds to the foundation
Interlocking metal roofing systems installed in mobile homes can fail under pressure differentials (lift) created by high-speed winds that pass through the surface of the roof surface. This is compounded by the wind that enters the building allowing the interior of the building to press lifting the bottom of the roof panel, resulting in the destruction of the building. One example of a pan roof system can be found in this document from Structall Building Systems.
To reduce this pressure difference, the pre-installed aluminum tubular channel can permanently be tightened perpendicularly at the top of the interlocking ribs of the metal roofing system without disrupting the flow of rainwater on the roof, mid-span, and the location of the building's ridge.
Earth Shelter
Earth-protected construction is generally more resilient to strong winds and tornadoes than standard construction. Warehouses and other components shielded on earth from other buildings, can provide safe protection during tornadoes.
Dome House
The physical geometry of a building affects its aerodynamic properties and how well it can withstand a storm. Roof or geodesic dome buildings have a low drag coefficient and can withstand higher wind strengths than square buildings in the same area. Even stronger buildings result from the construction of a monolithic dome.
Building components
Building openings such as garage doors and windows are often weak points prone to failure by wind pressure and blowing debris. After the failure occurs, wind pressure accumulates in the building so that the roof is detached from the building. Storm window leaves can provide protection.
The door can be blown into the house by the wind causing potential structural failure (see http://www.floridadisaster.org/hrg/content/openings/openings_index.asp#Hinged_Exterior_Doors).
Windows can be built with plastic panels, anti-shatter glass, or glass with protective film. Panels are often stronger than regular window panels, including using screws or bolts through the edge of a larger panel. Tapcons are used to tighten windows with concrete structures around them.
Wood has a relatively high degree of flexibility that can be useful under the pressure of a particular building.
Reinforced concrete is a solid solid material, which, when used in properly designed buildings, can withstand the destructive power of very high winds, and high-speed debris.
Rule
After Hurricane Andrew in 1992 caused $ 16 billion in insured damage, the state of Florida set new building standards and law enforcement. The state increased its performance criteria for wind load provisions and adopted new wind conditions from the American Society of Civil Engineers. An important addition included with the new code is the need for impact-resistant glass impact, which can withstand the impact of high speed from wind-borne debris during storms. Many homes built in South Florida since Hurricane Andrew are cinder concrete reinforced concrete pillars, storm-roofed frames, and code requirements for adhesives and roof types. Florida also sets a high-speed storm zone (ie the High Speed ​​Hurricane Zone) with special requirements set for Miami-Dade and Broward Counties.
Hong Kong needs a lot of structure to withstand the wind from hurricanes.
Example of cyclone construction method
Housing construction in Darwin Northern Australia
See also
- The Bubble House (Hobe Sound, Florida)
- Dymaxion House
- Hurricane Preparedness
- Shutter
- HurriQuake nails (to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes)
- Structural engineering
- Windstorm inspection
References
Note
External links
- house building in North Australia 2008 photos.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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