Informatics is a branch of information engineering. It involves the practice of information processing and information systems engineering, and as an academic field it is an applied form of information science. This field considers interactions between people and information in addition to the construction of interfaces, organizations, technologies, and systems. Thus, the field of informatics has a large breadth and includes many sub-specialties, including computer science disciplines, information systems, information technology and statistics. Since the advent of computers, individuals and organizations have increasingly processed information digitally. This has led to informatics studies with computational, mathematical, biological, cognitive and social aspects, including studies on the social impacts of information technology.
Video Informatics
Etymology
In 1956, German computer scientist Karl Steinbuch created the word Informatik by publishing a paper called Informatics: Automatische Informationsverarbeitung ("Informatics: Automated Information Processing"). The English term Informatics is sometimes understood as the same meaning as computer science. The German word Informatik is usually translated into English as computer science .
The French term informatique was created in 1962 by Philippe Dreyfus along with various translations - informatics (English), also proposed independently and simultaneously by Walter F. Bauer and colleagues who founded Informatics Inc.. and informatica (Italian, Spanish, Romanian, Portuguese, Dutch), refers to computer applications for storing and processing information.
The term was coined as a combination of "information" and "automatic" to describe the science of automating the interaction of information. Morphology - informat -ion - ics - uses "accepted forms for the names of sciences, such as conic, linguistic, optical, or practical problems, as economics, politics, tactics "and thus, linguistically, the meaning extends easily to encompass the science and practice of information processing.
Maps Informatics
History
The library science culture promotes policies and procedures for managing information that fosters the relationship between library science and the development of information science to provide benefits for the development of health informatics; traced back to the 1950s with early use of computers in health care (Nelson & Staggers p.4). Early practitioners interested in this field soon learned that no formal education program was established to educate them on informatics until the late 1960s and early 1970s. Professional development is emerging, playing an important role in the development of health informatics (Nelson & Staggers p.7) According to Imhoff et al., 2001, health informatics is not only the application of computer technology to health care issues but encompasses all aspects of generation, communication, storage, retrieval, management, analysis, discovery, and synthesis of data and knowledge information throughout the health care scope. Furthermore, they state that the main objectives of health informatics can be distinguished as follows: To provide solutions to problems related to data, information, and knowledge processing. To learn the general principles of data processing information and knowledge in medicine and health care.
Reference Imhoff, M., Webb. A ,. & Amp; Goldschmidt, A., (2001). Health Informatics. Med Intensive Care, 27: 179-186. doi: 10.1007//s001340000747.
Nelson, R. & amp; Staggers, N. Health Informatics: Pendekatan Interprofessional. St. Louis: Mosby, 2013. Cetak. (p.4,7)
This new term was adopted throughout Western Europe, and, except in English, developed a meaning roughly translated by English 'computer science', or 'computational science'. Mikhailov advocated the Russian term "informatics" (1966), and English informatics (1967), as the name for the scientific information theory, and argued for the meaning more broadly, including studies on the use of information technology in various communities (eg, scientific) and technological interactions and human organizational structures.
- Informatics is a discipline that investigates the structure and properties (not specific content) of scientific information, as well as the regularity of scientific information activities, theories, history, methodologies, and organizations.
Usage has since modified this definition in three ways. First, restrictions on scientific information are removed, as in business informatics or legal informatics. Secondly, since most information is now digitally stored, the calculation is now the center of informatics. Third, representation, processing and information communication are added as the object of inquiry, as they have been recognized as the basis for any scientific information about the information. Taking the information as the main focus of the study distinguishes informatics from computer science. Informatics covers the study of biological and social mechanisms of information processing while computer science focuses on digital computing. Similarly, in studies of representation and communication, informatics is indifferent to substrates that carry information. For example, it includes the study of communication using movement, speech and language, as well as digital and network communications.
In the English-speaking world the term informatics was first used extensively in combined medical information, taken to include "cognitive processes, information processing, and communication of medical practice, education, and research, including information science and technology to support these tasks ". Many such compounds are now used; they can be viewed as distinct areas of " applied informatics ". Indeed, "In the US, however, informatics is related to applied computing, or computing in the context of other domains."
Informatics includes the study of systems that represent, process, and communicate information. However, the theory of computing in certain computer theoretical disciplines, which evolved from Alan Turing, studied the idea of ​​complex systems irrespective of whether information actually existed or not. Since both fields process information, there are some disagreements among scientists such as for the hierarchy of the field; for example Arizona State University sought to adopt a broader definition of informatics even covering cognitive science at the launch of the School of Computing and Informatics in September 2006.
The broad interpretation of informatics, as "the study of the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial computing systems," was introduced by the University of Edinburgh in 1994 when it formed the grouping that is now the School of Informatics. This meaning now (2006) is increasingly used in the UK.
The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, from the UK Funding Board, includes a new appraisal unit (UoA), which is Computer Science and Information Technology, whose scope is described as follows:
Academy of schools and departments
Academic research in the field of informatics can be found in a number of disciplines such as computer science, information technology, Information and Computer Science, information systems, business information management and health informatics.
In France, the first degree degree qualification in Informatics (computer science) emerged in the mid-1960s.
In English-speaking countries, the first example of undergraduate qualifications in Informatics took place in 1982 when Plymouth Polytechnic (now Plymouth University) offers a four-year BSc (Honors) degree in Computing and Informatics - with only the initial 35 students included. This course is still running to this day making it the longest qualification available in this field.
At Informatics College of Indiana University, Computing and Engineering (Bloomington, Indianapolis and Southeast), informatics is defined as "the art, science and human dimensions of information technology" and "the study, application, and social consequences of technology." It is also defined in Informatics 101, Introduction to Informatics as "the application of information technology to art, science, and the profession." This definition is widely accepted in the United States, and differs from British usage in eliminating natural computational studies.
Texas Woman's University places an informatics degree majoring in Mathematics and Computer Science at the College of Arts & amp; Science, although it offers an interdisciplinary Health Science degree. Informatics is presented in a generalist framework, as evidenced by their informatics definition ("Using technology and data analytics to obtain meaningful information from data for data and practices based on decisions in user centered systems"), although TWU is also known for its nursing and health informatics programs.
At the University of California, the Irvine Department of Informatics, informatics is defined as an "interdisciplinary study of the design, application, use and impact of information technology." The informatics discipline is based on the recognition that the design of this technology is not merely a technical issue, but should focus on the relationship between technology and their use in real-world settings, that is, informatics design solutions in context, and considering the social, cultural and organizational arrangements in which computing and information technology will be used. "
At the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The main interdisciplinary informatics, informatics is defined as "the study of information and the way information is used by and affecting human and social systems.This course involves courses from the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, where Informatics majors are located, as well School of Information and Technical College The key to this evolving field is that it applies both the technological and social perspectives to the study of information.The Michigan interdisciplinary approach to teaching Informatics provides a foundation in contemporary computer programming, mathematics, and statistics, combined with the study of aspects ethics and social sciences from complex information systems Experts in the field help design new information technology tools for specific scientific, business, and cultural needs. "Michigan offers four curricular pathways in an informatics degree to provide students with the highest level of expertise level. The four topics of this track include:
- Internet Informatics : An applied pathway where students experiment with technology behind an Internet-based information system and acquire the skills to map problems to an Internet-based solution that can be accessed. This song will replace Computational Informatics in Fall 2013.
- Data Mining & amp; Information Analysis: Integrating complex data collection, analysis, and visualization and its important role in research, business, and government to provide students with theoretical and practical skills to approach challenging data analysis issues.
- Life Science Informatics : Examine the artificial information system, which has helped scientists make great progress in identifying the core components of organisms and ecosystems.
- Social Computing: Progress in computing has created opportunities to study patterns of social interaction and develop a system that acts as an introduction, advisor, coordinator, and record-holder. Students, in this pathway, craft, evaluate, and refine computer social software applications to engage technology in a unique social context. The line will be removed in the fall of 2013 to support a new information scholar. This will be the first bachelor's degree offered by the School of Information since its inception in 1996. The Information School already contains Master's programs, Doctoral programs, and professional master's programs in conjunction with the School of Public Health. The BS in Information at the University of Michigan will be the first curriculum program of its kind in the United States, with the first graduation class coming in 2015. Students will be able to apply for this unique degree by 2013 for fall autumn 2014; the new degree will be the trunk of the most popular Social Computing pathway in the latest interdisciplinary Informatics majors at the LSA. Applications will be open to upper, junior and senior classes, along with various information classes available for first and second year students to measure interest and value in a particular study sector. The degree is approved by the University on June 11, 2012. Along with the new degree in the School of Information, there is also the first and only chapter of the Professional Brotherhood of Informatics, Kappa Theta Pi, hired in Autumn 2012.
At the University of Washington, Seattle Informatics Undergraduate Program, Informatics is a degree program offered by the School of Information. The Bachelor of Science in Informatics is described as "[a] program that focuses on computer systems from a user-centered perspective and studies the structure, behavior and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process and communicate information.Including instruction in information science, human computers, information systems analysis and design, telecommunications structures and information and management architectures. "Washington offers three degree options as well as a dedicated path.
- The Data Science Option: Data Sciences is an emerging interdisciplinary field that serves to extract knowledge or insight from data. It combines areas such as information science, computer science, statistics, design, and social sciences.
- Human-Computer Interaction: The iSchool work in human-computer interaction (HCI) seeks to make information and computing useful, workable, and accessible to all. The HCI Informatics option allows one to combine your technical skills and expertise with a broader perspective on how design and development work affects users. The course explores the design, construction, and evaluation of interactive technologies for use by individuals, groups, and organizations, and the social implications of this system. This work includes user interfaces, accessibility concerns, new design techniques, and methods for interactive systems and collaboration. The course also examines the values ​​implicit in design and technology development.
- Information Architecture: Information architecture (IA) is an important component in developing successful Web sites, software, intranets, and online communities. The architect compiles the underlying information and presentation in a logical and intuitive way so that people can use the information. As an Informatics majors with the IA option, one will master the skills required to organize and label information to improve navigation and search. Someone will build a framework to collect, store, and transmit information effectively. You'll also learn to design XML databases and warehouses that drive complex and interactive websites, including navigation, content layout, personalization, and site transactional features.
- Cyber ​​Information and Security Guarantee: Information Security and Cybersecurity (IAC) is the practice of creating and managing secure and protected systems. This is very important for public and private organizations, large and small. In the IAC option, a person will be equipped with the knowledge to create, deploy, use, and manage systems that maintain the privacy and security of individuals and organizations. This tri-campus concentration leverages the power of the School of Information, the Computing and Systems Software program at UW Bothell, and the Institute of Technology at UW Tacoma. After courses in IAC's technical, policy, and management foundations, one can take a choice on each campus to learn specializations such as an information security policy, secure coding, or network and system administration.
- Custom (Student-Designated Concentrations): Students may choose to develop their own concentration, with the consent of an academic advisor. Student-designed concentrations are made from an approved list of courses and also produce a Bachelor of Science degree.
Applied discipline
Organizational information
One of the most significant fields of informatics application is organizational informatics. Informatics organizations are fundamentally interested in the application of information, information systems and ICTs in organizations of various forms including the private sector, the public sector and voluntary sector organizations. Thus, organizational informatics can be seen as a sub-category of social informatics and super-category business informatics. Informatics organizations are also present in computer science and information technology industries.
See also
- Artificial Intelligence
- Informatics behavior
- Biomimetics
- Cognitive science
- Computer science
- Communication studies
- Information and communication technology
- Information processing
- Information science
- System information
- Information theory
- Information technology
- Knowledge Management
- Robotics
- City information
Note
External links
- informatics: entered from the International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science
- Informatics Study: Journal of Research and Development Center of Informatics
- The Software History Center: The first use of informatics in the US
- What is Informatics?: Indiana University
- Questions about informatics
- Previous Art Database: Informatics: Early Software Company
- European Informatics
- Council of the European Professional Informatics Society (CEPIS)
- Department of Informatics, College of Computing and Information, University at Albany - State University of New York
- Department of Informatics, King's College London
- Education Informatics: For what and for whom? , from Northern Kentucky University
- University of Texas Women's Informatics on Facebook
- Mechanical Engineering Institutions - Mechatronics, Informatics, and Control Groups (MICG)
- https://www.coursehero.com/file/23728173/Academic-schools-and-departments-on-literature-infomatics/
- Informatics: 10 Years Back, 10 Years Ahead
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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