Salutation

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The greeting is the utterance used in a letter or other written or unwritten communication. Respect can be formal or informal. The most common greeting form in an English letter is Dear followed by the name or title of the given recipient. For each greeting style there is a free companion style, known as valediction. Examples of unwritten greetings are bending (common in Japan) or even calling someone by their name. A greeting can be interpreted as a form of signal in which the recipient's greeting is being recognized, respected or grateful. Another simple but very common example of a salam is a military honor. By paying homage to another rank, the person signifies or indicates his or her recognition of the importance or importance of the person and his rank. Some greetings are considered vulgar, others "rude" and others "polite".

Video Salutation

Arab

For official correspondence, it is usually used:

Sa'adat Assayid if the reader is male, and Sa'adat As'Sayyidah if women. This is usually followed by the full name.

For informal correspondence:

Al akh if male, and Al okht if female, followed by first name.

For more informal correspondence, Azizi if the reader is male, and Azizati if female. For the address of a group of people, A'ezza'e for informal correspondence, and in the official "Sadati" correspondence normally used and followed by Al A'ezza'a or "Almuhtarameen". To add more formality, it's common to start greetings with Ela (to), followed by greetings and full names.

Example:

Informal: Azizi Ahmed , Azizati Sarah , A'ezza'e member of team or Team member Al A'ezzaa Formal: Sa'adat Assayid Ahmed Abdullah , Sa'adat Assayidah Sarah Ibrahim , Sadati member of Almuh-tarameen team . General welcome for formal and informal correspondence: Sa'adat Alostath Ahmed Abdullah , Sa'adat Alostatha Sarah Ibrahim . It is common to conclude greetings with Prayers like May God bless him or May God protect him . This Concluding Prayer comes right after the full name of the correspondent.

Maps Salutation

Bengali

The greeting "Yes" (??????) in combination with the name or title is by far the most commonly used greeting in Bengali, both formal and informal correspondence. This is generally followed by one of honor and surname, such as "Srohdeho/Jonab" (?????????/???), or by a given name, such as "Srohdeho/Jonab John" (? ????????/???? ??). However, it is not uncommon in Bengali to use the good title of the address and the name of a given person: "Srodeho/Jonab John Smith" (????????/???? ??????) will not be the correct form.

If the name of the intended recipient is unknown, the acceptable greetings are:

Sroddheo (?????????) (if the gender of the reader is unknown).

Sneher (???????) (if greets someone younger).

Jahar Proti Iha projojjo (????????????????) (if the author wants to exclude the reader's gender from greetings and/or to convey that the reader should forward the copy to a more appropriate one to receive or respond appropriately. Call it Who Cares for Caring ).

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Catalan

In Catalan, there are many types of greetings:

Informal welcome

• Hello (name),
• Dear/Dear (name or title),
• Dear/Dear (name or title),
• Hello boy!/nano!/women!/girl!
• Ei guapo/guapa, how do we go?/How?
• Ep, (name or title), how does that happen?

Formal copies

• Dear/Dear (with or without a name or title),
• Yes, we will send you news...
• Hello,
• God,
• Dear sir/Dear lady (first name),
• Dear gentlemen,
• Dear friends,
• Dear Sir/Ladies (first name),
• Rewarded/Appreciated/Appreciated (client/client, partner/partner, etc.),
• Dear Sir,/Mother honorable, (very formal)
• We are very god,/Exce? lentÃsima seà ± ora, (usually provided for certain formal procedures)
• The Honorable/..., (provided for certain formal procedures for government officials, etc.)
• Dear Sir/Madam, (provided for certain formal procedures for government officials, etc.)

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Dutch

The Netherlands has two standard forms of greetings: one formal and the other informal. A person's title and surname always follow the greetings, regardless of formality. The formal greeting, "Geachte", is most often used in formal communications today, while informal greetings "Beste" appear in informal communication. However, there is a tendency, especially among the younger generation, to also use this greeting in formal situations. "The use of professional titles, especially without marriage, is not uncommon in Dutch correspondence.

The standard Dutch formal greeting followed by title, name and comma:

Geachte heer & lt; name & gt;, (If reader is Male).

Geachte mevrouw & lt; name & gt;, (If the reader is Female).

Geachte mejuffrouw & lt; name (gt;, (If the reader is a Woman, unmarried and younger than 25 years, this is very unusual, ancient and now considered degrading).

Geachte heer/mevrouw & lt; name & gt;, (If the gender of the reader is unknown).

Dutch standard informal greeting followed by name and comma:

Beste & lt; name & gt;, (For Male and Female readers).

If informal Dutch greetings are used in formal contexts, greetings are followed by titles, names and commas:

Beste meneer & lt; name & gt;, (If reader is Male).

Beste mevrouw & lt; name & gt;, (If the reader is Female).

Beste meneer/mevrouw & lt; name & gt;, (if the gender of the reader is unknown).

In the Netherlands the following applies to & lt; name & gt; in regards:

• In the Netherlands the first prefix (first name) of the name is always capitalized
• In the Belgian name is slightly different: the prefix is ​​always written like that in the population list, and it can vary by name. In most names, prefix (first) is always capitalized.

In the Netherlands if the first or last name is included, the prefix is ​​never capitalized. For example. Dhr. Van den Berg (Mr. From the Mountain) is named Jan (John) so that his name is written by first name as Jan van den Berg and with the initials as J. van den Berg . This Convention is also used when writing in Dutch to foreign nationals. The exception to this rule is when writing to Flemish people. In this case the rules for Belgian names are used, and the name prefix is ​​capitalized as registered.

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English

The "Dear" welcome in combination with the name or title is the most commonly used greeting in the UK and the UK, both in formal and informal correspondence. This is usually followed either by an honor and a surname, such as "Dear Mr. Smith", or by a given name, such as "Dear Mark". However, it is not uncommon in English to use both an address title and names given by someone: "Dear Mr. John Smith" will not be a common form. Sometimes, "To" greetings are used for informal correspondence, such as "To Peter".

Comes follow greetings and names, while colons are used as commas only in US business correspondence. This rule applies regardless of the degree of formality of correspondence.

If the name of the intended recipient is unknown, the acceptable greetings are:

Dear Sir or Madam or "Sir/Madam" (If the gender of the reader is unknown).

To anyone with an interest (If the author wants to exclude the reader's gender from greeting and/or to convey that the reader should forward a copy to a more suitable one to receive or respond appropriately).

Dear Sir (If the reader is male).

Dear Madam (If the reader is female).

In older English usage and current US usage, the abbreviations "Mx", "Ms", "Mr", "Dr", and "Mrs" are usually followed by periods (full stop), but that is common in English usage recently to drop the period after all the titles. Professional titles like "Professors" are often used both in business and in social correspondence. Certain officials and public office holders such as "Mr. President" or "Dear Mother Secretary".

"Mx." is English English-English neologistik to be used with Mr., Ms., etc. who do not show the gender. Often the only option for nonbinarians, as well as those who do not want to express their gender. This is a gender-neutral title that is now widely accepted by the Royal Government of England and many businesses in the UK.

"Miss." is a neutral regimen of marital status for adult women and may be applied in cases where marital status is irrelevant or unknown to the author. For example, if someone writes a business letter to a woman, "Ms." acceptable. "Mistress." shows a married adult woman. "Miss" may apply to women who are not married specifically, but this term is replaced more by Ms . "Miss" may apply to unmarried women or more commonly to younger women.

"Miss" is the right form of address for girls and unmarried women, although some consider the last use as a date. "Master" is used in formal situations to deal with boys who are usually under the age of 16, after which it is "Mr.". "Master" in this case is of ancient English origin.

Messages. or Messieurs is a term historically used to refer to many men rather than "Mr. Pink, Mr. White, et al." Messages are abbreviations (pronounced "messers") for messieurs and are used in English. Mesdames overcame many women; pronounced "Meydammes".

Sometimes, one can use "Master" and/or "Madam" by itself as a greeting, without anything before. The heavy and archaic formality of such greetings makes it suitable for very formal correspondence (for example, speaking with heads of state, or letters to editors), but in the same way the formalities and rigor of such greetings will make its use in social correspondence that is not friendly inappropriate.

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French

Standard greeting

The standard French greeting uses the normal address style for the mail recipient, followed by a comma:

Monsieur, for a man.

Madame for a woman (previous differences between a young woman or hopefully unmarried, with her different greetings, Mademoiselle , and an adult or married woman, Madame , is now considered rude; indeed, the use of "Mademoiselle" has been banned in official documents since 2012).

When writing specifically for women where her marital status is irrelevant and/or unknown, the author must use Mistress , unless she is a child. When writing to an adult woman, someone uses madame , unless the person who knows the person prefers Mademoiselle .

According to traditional habits that are sometimes still followed by some, one can also use Mademoiselle when writing to a female artist (actress, singer, etc.), regardless of marital status and age of person.

When the gender of the person to whom a person is writing is unknown, then the proper greeting is

Madam, Monsieur,

In cases where the author knows the recipient well or is in friendship with him, one can add Cher/ChÃÆ'¨re in front of the address:

Cher Monsieur,

ChÃÆ'¨re Mademoiselle, (though this may be considered inappropriate for male authors who are not close relatives of recipient families)

ChÃÆ'¨re Madame,

The remarks using the ChÃÆ'¨re/Cher and the title ( Madame/Monsieur/Docteur ) followed by the person's name (eg Cher Monsieur Dupuis ) were considered wrong. However, perhaps after the use of English, such constructs are now somewhat common and are considered relatively formal.

In the event that the author and the recipient are close friends or intimates, one may use the name of the recipient immediately after Cher/ChÃÆ'¨re .

If they are a family, they can use their family relationship preceded by Cher/ChÃÆ'¨re . It is almost mandatory if the writer is a younger member of the family (child to parent, nephew to aunt/uncle, grandchild to grandparent, godson to godparent) and submitted to the writer's discretion in another case.

Note that in French, the abbreviation for Monsieur is M. - English "Mr." incorrect though often used, especially by banks.

Greetings specific

If the recipient has a specific title, it must be entered after Mr/Mrs :

Mr/Mrs President, ("Mr/Mrs President)

Sir/Madam Ambassador, ("Mr./Mrs Ambassador)

Master/Madam Chancellor, ("Mr/Mrs Chancellor)

Dear Sir/Madam (First) Minister, ("Mr/Mrs (Prime) Minister)

Mr/Mrs Director, ("Mr/Mrs Director)

Master/Mrs Professor, ("Master/Professor)

In this case, one should always use madame , and never Mademoiselle . Note also that in the QuÃÆ' © bÃÆ'  © cois usage, many titles will be given in feminine, contrary to practice in France (ie Madame la Prà ©  © sidente , Madame la Professeure , Mrs. he Directrice . )

In some cases, the wife of an ancestor may be entitled to a special address:

Madame l'Ambassadrice (for the wife of an ambassador)

Madame la GÃÆ'Â © nÃÆ' Â © rale, (for the wife of an officer)

Madame la Colonelle, (for the wife of a colonel)

If the recipient is a doctor, it is possible to use Docteur, or, more formally, Monsieur/Madame le Docteur, or, more casually, Cher Docteur , as a greeting. This is often done for doctors of medicine. For other doctors, it is not uncommon, even if its use increases, following the Anglo-Saxon custom. Basically one should be consistent with the address: letter sent to "Dr. N. N." will use the salam formula including Docteur , while the letter sent to "M./Mme N. N." will not.

If the recipient is a lawyer, notary (or various other legal positions), the proper salary is MaÃÆ'®tre ("Master"). The same greeting is used for famous authors, painters, and for members of the AcadÃÆ' Â © noodle franÃÆ'§aise.

For certain professions (lawyers, doctors, for example), two people who run such a profession will always use the Cher ConfrÃÆ'¨re (feminine: ChÃÆ'¨re Consoeur ).

The address may vary when writing to an official. For example, someone will use:

• for kings and members of their families or nobles:
  • for the king/queen: Sire, / Madam,
  • for the sovereign princess/princess, a sovereign duke/duchess, a prince of noble blood, a prince of the throne, etc.: Monseigneur, ("Mylord")/ Mistress ,
  • for the prince who is not sovereign or the Duke of France: Prince,/Princesse,
• for Catholic or Orthodox clerics:
  • for the Pope: TrÃÆ'¨s Saint PÃÆ'¨re, simplicity prosternÃÆ' Â © aux pieds de Votre SaintetÃÆ' Â © et implorant la faveur de la bÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © dictionary apostolique, ("Holy Father, humbly bowed before His Majesty's feet and pleaded for the good of the apostolic blessings,")
  • for the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople: TrÃÆ'¨s Saint PÃÆ'¨re, ("Holy Father")
  • Monsieur le Cardinal, or less formally ÃÆ'â € minence, (formerly (Illustrissime et) ÃÆ' â € ° minentissime Seigneur , "Largest and Famous God", now not used) to Cardinal Roman Catholic Church
  • for nunzio pope, Monseigneur, in personal correspondence, and Monsieur le Nonce, for official use
  • to a Catholic bishop or a Catholic or Orthodox bishop, archbishop or patriarch: Monseigneur, ("Mylord"). For the bishop/archbishop/patriarch it is possible to become more formal and write Monseigneur l'ÃÆ' â € ° vÃÆ'¨que/l'ArchevÃÆ'ªque/le Patriarche,
  • for the superiors of Catholic or Orthodox religious orders: Mon TrÃÆ'¨s RÃÆ' Â © vÃÆ' Â © rend PÃÆ'¨re or RÃÆ' Â © vÃÆ' Â © rendissime PÃÆ'¨re / Ma TrÃÆ'¨s RÃÆ' Â © vÃÆ' Â © rende MÃÆ'¨re or RÃÆ' Â © vÃÆ' Â © rendissime MÃÆ'¨re ("The Honorable Father/Mother"). Special greetings exist for multiple orders.
  • for a Catholic priest/Parish Orthodox/High Priest/priest: Mon PÃÆ'¨re or Monsieur le CurÃÆ' ©/l'ArchiprÃÆ'ªtre/l'AbbÃÆ' © ©/
  • for a monk: Mon PÃÆ'¨re ("My father") or Mon FrÃÆ'¨re ("My Brother"), depending on the order
  • for a nun: Ma MÃÆ'¨re ("My Mother") or Ma Soeur ("My Sister"), depending on the order

if the author is well acquainted with the priest/monk/nun priest, it is possible to use Cher PÃÆ'¨re, (¨s) ) Cher FrÃÆ'¨re, (TrÃÆ'¨s) ChÃÆ'¨re MÃÆ'¨re, (TrÃÆ'¨s) ChÃÆ'¨re Soeur, : "(Most ) Dear Father/Brother/Mother/Sister ".

• for members of the army:
  • for the navy general officer: Admiral ,
  • for male male officers (except the navy): a male author will use Mon GÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral , and a female writer GÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral ,
  • for female (except for the navy) female officers: GÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral ,
  • for naval officers: Commander
  • for a male superiors (except for the navy): a male writer will use Mon Colonel/Mon Commandant , and a female writer Colonel/Commander by officer rank,
  • for female officers (except the navy): Colonel/Commander by officer rank,
  • for other members of the army: Mr/Mrs .

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German

Germany has two common types of greetings that can be distinguished from each other - formal and informal forms.

Formal form distinguishes between male or female gender as a matter of decency. Men's formal greeting begins with Sehr geehrter Herr, whereas a formal female greeting begins with Sehr geehrte Frau . Both formal greetings are followed by the recipient's academic degree (if applicable) and the recipient's family name (eg Sehr geehrter Herr Schmidt or Sehr geehrte Frau Dr. Schmidt). It's possible but not common to include full names (eg. Sehr geehrter Herr Johann Schmidt ). With an unknown recipient, Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren (which means Dear Sir or Madam ) is used without variation in this case. Due to insufficient function of computer software used for mass communication, some companies tend to use more gender-neutral formal greetings (eg Sehr geehrte (r) Herr/Frau Schmidt ).

Informal greetings in Germany tend to begin with Hallo , meaning "hello", which is used universally, written and oral, and gender-neutral. Depending on the region, informal greetings also tend to start with Moin (north of Hannover), Servus (usually in the south and south west), or in other words, though only used by locals. The more informal private greeting starts with Lieber (male) or Liebe (female), which means "dear", (eg Lieber Paul , < i> Liebe Annette ) - the latter should only be used if the recipient has actually met in person or similar. It should be used with caution as it may be regarded as degrading or inappropriate, depending on age or social status.

Special greetings appearing in German are very similar to the way they are in English, with the exception that in the mailing address block the German should include all or many greetings that can be abbreviated Herr Dr. Schmidt , or Herr Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. KrÃÆ'¤mer , and can leave Herr or Frau . When opening the mail, the direct greeting was reduced to only the most important title Sehr geehrter Herr Dr. Schmidt , or Sehr geehrter Herr Professor KrÃÆ'¤mer . The same applies to the female variant, Sehr geehrte Frau Prof. KrÃÆ'¤mer .

More details in the German Wikipedia article de: Anrede

Hindi

In the English position "Dear" is the word "Poojya", "Aadarneeya", or "Priya" (from the most formal to the most informal), for social writing (eg, relatives/friends). Usually not used for business writing. The second can be used in some instances, for example, if writing to a teacher.

Formal ways to be grateful include "Sri", "Sriman", "Srimati", "Chiranjeev", "Chiranjeevi Saubhagyavathi" and "Kumari". Among these, "Shri" and "Shrimaan" are used to honor married men (or allegedly married). "Shrimati" (Abbr: "Smt.") Used for married women.

Shri is the most commonly used greeting in Hindi for married men, while for married women, Shrimati is used. For unmarried children and young children, Kumar is used, while Kumari is a greeting used for unmarried and young girls.

Italy

Standard greeting

The standard Italian greeting uses the normal address style to the recipient of the letter, followed by a comma:

Egregio Signore for a man (or Signor if followed by a surname).

Gentile Signorina for a single woman but rarely used in Italian at this time.

Gentile Signora for married women or single women (after which it is also used for single women of high rank or age)

Greetings specific

If the recipient holds a specific title:

Signor/Signora Presidente ("Mr/Mrs President, sometimes alternative feminine form Presidentessa can be used)

Egregio Dottor (e)/Gentile Dottoressa for anyone holding a university degree and professional journalist ( Dottor if followed by a surname)

Egregio Professor (e)/Gentile Professoressa for high school teachers, junior university professors and professional orchestra players

Chiarissimo Professore/Chiarissima Professoressa for senior university professors

Magnifico Rettore/Magnifica Rettrice for university rector

Maestro/Maestra for the director of the orchestra, director of choir and solo singer

Malayalam

Written sayings include "Sreeman" (???????) for men and "Sreemathi" (???????) for women. Languages ​​also use "Bahumanapetta" (????????????) for both genders that have a similar meaning to `Respected` in English.

Persian

In Persian, formal and informal phrases are used for greetings and they are referred to as ehamatamat (????????):

Greetings formal

Written by/for officials, letters usually begin with the following:

• Besmehi ta'ala (???? ?????), in his great name .
• Be the name Khoda (???? ???), in the name of God .
• Besmellahe Rahmane Rahim (?????? ??????), a Qur'anic phrase for in the name of God .

Title:

• Jenabe Aghaye (???????), is used to write official letters to men.
• Sarkare Khanome (????????), to write an official letter for women.

If the person concerned is a doctor or holding a Ph.D, or he is an engineer, Doctor (????) or Mohandes (?????) should be added to their respective titles. The same rules apply in the military environment.

Following the titles mentioned above, various types of greetings can be used:

• Greetings Alaykom (???? ?????), Greetings to you , following the titles mentioned above.
• Ba salam va ehteram (?? ????? ??????), with salam (saya) and salam .
• Ba dorood va salam (?? ????? ????), with (I) greet and greet ; Dorood is Persian term meaning halo.

Portuguese

Official Honor

The official official Portuguese greeting uses addressing expressions such as Caro (honorable) or ExcelentÃÆ'ssimo Senhor (The Most Perfect), followed by the recipient's title (eg Eng. ) and the recipient's name.

Most expressions must be modified to take into account the gender and the intended number. Caro , for example, becomes:

Caro for a man;

Caros for a group of men or a group of mixed men and women;

How to for a woman;

Caras for a group of women.

Formal expressions ExcelentÃÆ'ssimo Senhor are often abbreviated as:

Exmo. Sr. for a man;

Exma. Sra. for a woman;

Addressee titles can be professional and often preceded by Sr. (Mr.) and is almost always abbreviated (eg Arquitecto - Arq. (Architects), Engenheiro - Eng. (Engineer), Padre - Pe. (Imam)). The exception to this rule is the Medical Doctor ( MÃÆ' Â © dico Doutor ), often referred to as Doutor , abbreviation Dr. instead of being used to address anyone holding a baccalaureate degree. Each military or ecclesiastical rank has one abbreviation, and, historically, the rank of nobility also has one - for example, one way to overcome the Portuguese Monarchy is Sua Majestade (Your Majesty) abbreviated as SM .

Title Sr. (Mr.) can also be used by itself, if required.

Informal Reverence

An informal welcome may or may not be followed by the recipient's name, and almost never contains a title.

Olá (hello)

Oi (hi)

Querido / Querida (informally, Dear)

Romanian

Formal greeting

When talking about an official letter whose recipient is not recognized by name, the opening greeting is Stimate Domn, Stimat? Doamn? (equivalent to Dear Sir or Madam in English). When the recipient is known by name, Stimate Domnule or Stimat? Doamn? , followed by the last name of the person, used for each man or woman. For unmarried women, Stimat? Domni? Oar? is acceptable for close relationships, although this title is not used in written communication and may be considered inappropriate or offensive.

Example:

Domest Domn, Stimat? Doamn? (used when reader is not known)

Stimate Domnule Ungureanu, (used when a reader is a man and last name is known - this is the most used version)

Stimat? Doamn? Ungureanu, (reader is a woman and last name is known, most commonly used version)

When recipients have additional titles, such as Doctor or Professor , they are inserted between Domnule / Doamn? and last name of the person, although it is sometimes acceptable to drop the last name altoghether when the intended recipient is clear. It also prefers writing someone's title when handling letters and abbreviations like Prof. or Acad. should be avoided. The exception is Dr. for Doctor , which is still acceptable in greetings. If the recipient has many titles, generally only the most important ones are used.

For women, today is an exercise to use the masculine form of the title, preferring, for example, Doamn? Director instead of Doamn? Directoare . Note that some titles may lose their intended meaning when used in their feminine form. For example, Professor / Profesoar? is a title that may be related to male/female school teachers. When used to mean a university professor ( university professor ), however, only a masculine form carries this meaning. The feminine profesoar? universitar? is not commonly used.

Examples for title use:

Dear Mr. Ungureanu ; Dear Mr. Doctor (the first one shows more respect)

Dear Professor Ungureanu ; Dearest Professor ; Prof. Dear Ungureanu (the first two versions are better)

Dear Mr. Academician ; Dear. Mr. Academician Mihai Ungureanu

Hello? God? Director Hello? God? Directory

In a very formal situation there may be slight variations in the selection of words. Most often, more emphasis is added to the adjective stimuli , being many stimuli (very respectable) or onorat (respected). When dealing with groups, the latter is preferred.

Example:

Director of Domnule Multit (for director, male)

Mult the stimulus? Doamn? Pre? Edinte (for a president, a woman)

Onorate Domnule Ungureanu (understood as something like: "Honored Mr....", used in an official letter, usually has the same power as "Mult stimate...")

Onorat? Comisie (addressed to a group of people, such as commissions)

Onora? i Reprezentan? i (addressed to a group of representatives)

Stima? i/Onora? Participant? i (both versions are good, addressed to a group of participants)

Informal welcome

The most extensive greeting for unofficial letters is, with a large margin, drag? (equivalent to English affection ). These can be used separately from the recipient gender and are usually followed by the first name. The less familiar alternative is salute (equivalent to English hi , hello ), followed by first name. This version is typical of the workplace, where using drag? will be too familiar.

Example:

Drag? Ruxanda ; Drag? Mihai (usually used with first name)

Ruxanda Salute ; Salute Mihai

More

During the Romanian communist period, it was generally condemned to use domn / doamn? (which means Mistress / madame ) to call people, prefer tovar ?? (friend) or cet ?? ean (citizens) instead. This is reflected in the written communication of that period. Today, people have gone back to using domn / doamn? as a standard way to address or refer others. Today, kind regards using a communist-sounding voice tovar ?? or cet ?? ean is only used in closed or funny communist circles.

contoh:

Dear Mr. Ungureanu ; Hello? Cet ?? eanc? Ungureanu Dear Citizen Ungureanu

The oldest surviving document written in Romanian, a 16th century letter from a Boyar Wallachian to the mayor of Bra'vov, contains greetings from Slavonic, a lingua franca of the region at that time.

Mudromu I plemenitomu, I cistitomu I B [o] gom darovannomu zupan Han ?? Beggars ot Bra? Ov mnog [o] zdravie ot NÃÆ'Ã… © c? Ul ot Dlugopole. (For the wisest and noble and honorable and gifted by Lord Han Han Bengner [ie, Johannes Benkner] from Bra? Ov, much health from Neac? U from CÃÆ' Â ¢ mpulung.)

Russian

In the letter and during the conversation, use a Russian speaker

????????? / ????????? (by gender - M/F)

?????????????? / ??????????????

???????????????? / ???????????????

followed by a given name and patronymic. Respect for unrecognized parties usually includes honors

????????? / ?????????

???????? / ???????

???????

Contoh:

????????? ???????? ??????

????????? ??????? ???????

In an informal conversation, it is possible to use

??????? ??????? (talking to a young man)

??????? (talking about a young woman)

Spanish

Informal welcome

• "Hola"/"Hola" (name). Any time, anywhere, oral or written.
• "Hola a todos". Addressed to a group of people, whether their names are known or not.

Medium greeting. Not as simple as "hola" but can be used in every situation. It can be used in spoken or written Spanish.

• Buenos dÃÆ'as. To use from the moment you wake up to Noon or 1pm. Equivalent good morning.
• Buenas tardes. For use from Noon or 1pm until sunset. The equivalent of good afternoon.
• Buenas noches. From sunset until you go to bed. The equivalent of good night and good night.

Formal greetings. Just written.

• "Estimado" (name or title "SeÃÆ' Â ± or". "Sr." is an abbreviation). For men. Example for a man named Juan GarcÃÆ'a: "Estimado Juan" or "Estimado Sr. GarcÃÆ'a". The latter is more formal.
• "Estimada" (name or title "SeÃÆ' Â ± ora". "Sra." is an acronym). For woman. Example for a woman named Ana SÃÆ'¡nchez: "Estimada Ana" or "Estimada Sra. SÃÆ'¡nchez". The latter is more formal.
• "Estimados amigos" (plural) When your letter is addressed to a group of people.
• "Estimado amigo" or "Querido amigo" (male or unknown sex). You may or may not know the person's name.
• "Estimada amiga" or "Querida amiga" (female).
• "Estimadas amigas" (a group of women).
• "ExcelentÃÆ'simo SeÃÆ' Â ± or" (name or without it) or "ExcelentÃÆ'sima SeÃÆ' Â ± ora" (female). This is very formal and is usually provided for certain formal procedures with the government. You can also use "IlustrÃÆ'simo" (male) or "IlustrÃÆ'sima" (female) instead of "ExcelentÃÆ'simo".

The Official Letters to the receipt are unknown.

• Quien Correspondent

Tamil

Written speech is "Thiru/Thiruvalar" "????/?????????" for men, "Thirumathi"/"???????" for women, "Selvi/Thiruniraiselvi" "?????????????" for unmarried women "Selvan/Thiruniraiselvan" "??????????" for unmarried men "Amarar (Marar)/Vaanor" "????? (????)/??????" for the deceased.

Telugu

Various forms of greeting in Telugu was as follows: "Sri/Shri" (????) is used to refer to men, "Srimathi/Shrimathi" (???????) is reserved for a married woman. Unmarried girls are usually called as "Kumari" (??????). In dealing with someone in the mail, usually in the case of older people, "Poojyulaina" (??????????????????) is often used although "Ganga Bhagirathi Samanulaina" (???? ?? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????? When talking to someone better young, "Chiranjeevi" (????????) is commonly used regardless of all sex. "Kumari" (??????) is sometimes used for unmarried women and "Chiranjeevi Lakshmi Sowbhagyavathi (? ??????? ?????????????? id = Chi, La. Sow. (??.?. ??.) In sum for the married woman

In addition, the suffix "rake" (????) is added as a tribute or to overcome the parent regardless of gender.

Example:

???? ?????? ???? ????, (Mr. Narasimharaju,)
???????????? ???????????, (Honorable Father,)
?????? ????, (Miss Vandana) | ??????? ???????????? ??????, (Mrs. Subbalakshmi)
???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, (Mrs. Suryakumari,)
???????? ???? ?????, (Little Master Gowtham Sagar)
???????? ????????, (Little Miss Sreejanya,)

???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??, (Mrs. Chandana,)
??. ? ??. ???? ??, (Mrs. Chandana,)

Turkish

In Turkey, there are two forms of greetings, formal and informal. Like most other languages, gender does not play a role in greeting. When talking to someone in formal writing, one can use "Say? N Marga " without having to refer to the gender. If the recipient title is known, it's better to use it in the name place, as in "Say? N Doctor".

In formal greetings, if the recipient's name is unknown, someone uses "Say? N Yetkili", which is similar to "Dear Sir/Madam" in English.

If the name and gender of the intended recipient are known, the received receipt is;

Hanim (if the intended destination is female), Bey (if the intended recipients are male).

This greeting is used with the first name. When the surname is meant to be used, it is combined with "Sayin" instead. If a woman named "Nihan Erten" for example, she is referred to as " Nihan Hanim " or " Sayin Erten ".

When an older person salutes the younger in a formal way, he can refer to a younger person as "Hanim kizim" for women and "Bey oglum" for men where "kizim" is meant as "princess" and " oglum "is intended as a" child ". Informally "Kizim" and "Oglum" are enough without having to use "Hanim/Bey".

In an informal greeting, one can also use "Sevgili Name ", which has a meaning similar to "YM Name ".

Ukrainian

In correspondence and during the conversation, the speaker of Ukraine to use the words "??????????????" (Shanovnyy/Shanovna) or "?????????????" (by male/female gender) as a greeting, followed by a given name (sometimes also using patronymic). Salutation to strangers often use "???/????" (Pan/Pani) (by sex) or "??????", "???????" (Panove/Panstvo) (to an unknown party).

See also

• Valediction
• English honor, e.g. Miss, Mrs., Ms., Mr, Sir, Dr, Lady, Lord
• Honorifics (other countries)
• Address form, that is Style and how to address
• Respect
• Salutatorian
• Sir

Further reading

• "Forms of Address & amp; A tribute to Federal and State Officials". Daniel J. Evans Library, Government Documents/Maps . Evergreen State University. Archived from the original in 2006-01-25 . Retrieved 2006-01-24 .

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia