A phone directory , also known as phone book , phone book address , phone book , or page white/yellow , is a list of phone subscribers in the geographic or subscriber area for services provided by the organization that issued the directory. The goal is to allow phone numbers of customers identified by name and address to be found.
The emergence of the Internet and smartphones in the 21st century greatly reduced the need for a paper phone book. Some communities, such as Seattle and San Francisco, seek to ban unsolicited distribution as waste, undesirable and harmful to the environment.
Video Telephone directory
Content
Customer names are generally listed in alphabetical order, along with their postal address or street and phone number. In principle every customer in the geographic coverage area is listed, but customers can request the exclusion of their number from the directory, often at a cost; their numbers are then said to be "unregistered" (English English), "former-directory" (English English), "private" or private numbers (Australia and New Zealand), or "unpublished" Canada).
The phone directory can also provide instructions: how to use the telephone service, how to dial a particular number, whether local or international, what number to access critical and emergency services, utilities, hospitals, doctors, and organizations that can provide support in times of crisis. It may also have information on civil defense or emergency management. There may be transit maps, postcode/zip code guides, international dialing codes or stadium seating charts, as well as advertisements.
In the US, under current rules and practices, cell phones and voice over IP lists are not included in the phone directory. Attempts to create a mobile directory have met with stiff opposition from several fronts, including those who are trying to avoid telemarketers.
Maps Telephone directory
Type
A phone directory and its contents can be known by the color of the printed paper.
- White pages generally show private or alphabetic lists.
- The yellow pages, gold pages, A2Z, or secret directory are usually "business directories", where business is listed alphabetically in any classification (eg "lawyer"), almost always with paid advertising.
- Gray pages, sometimes called "reverse telephone directory", allow customer details to be found for a given number. Not available in all jurisdictions. (This list is often published separately, in the city directory, the Polk directory, or under any other name, for a price, and is reserved for commercial and government agencies.)
Other colors may have other meanings; for example, information about government agencies is often printed on blue pages or green pages.
Publications
Telephone directories may be published in hard copy or in electronic form. In the latter case, the directory may be provided as an online service through an exclusive terminal or over the Internet, or on a physical medium such as a CD-ROM. In many countries, directories are published in book form and also available over the Internet. Printed directories are usually provided free of charge.
History
The phone directory is a type of city directory. The list of residents of the entire city was widely published beginning in the 18th century, before the invention of the telephone.
The first telephone directory, consisting of a piece of cardboard, was issued on 21 February 1878; it listed 50 individuals, businesses, and other offices in New Haven, Connecticut who owns the phone.
The first English telephone directory was published on January 15, 1880 by The Telephone Company. It contains 248 names and addresses of individuals and businesses in London; the phone number is not used at that time as the customer is requested with the name on the exchange. This directory is stored as part of a collection of English phonebooks by the BT Archives.
In 1938, AT & T commissioned the creation of a new type of font, known as BELL GOTHIC, whose purpose can be read at very small font sizes when printed on newspaper where minor imperfections are common.
In 1981 France was the first country to have an electronic directory on a system called Minitel. This directory is called "11" after its phone access number.
In 1991, the US Supreme Court ruled (in Feist v. Rural) that the telephone company did not own the copyright on the phone list, because copyright protects creativity and not just the workforce gathering the information.
1996 was the first year of online phone directory in the United States. Yellowpages.com and Whitepages.com both see their start in April.
In 1999, the first online phone directory and people search site like LookupUK.com online in the UK. In 2003, a more advanced UK search including Electoral Roll became available at LocateFirst.com.
In the 21st century, print phone directories are increasingly being criticized as waste. In 2012, after several cities in North America passed a law prohibiting the distribution of the phone book, an industry group sued and obtained a court ruling that allowed the distribution to continue. Producing and distributing telephone directories generates over 1,400,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases and spends more than 600,000 tons of paper annually.
Reversing directory
A reverse phone directory is sorted by number, which can be searched for giving the customer's name and address.
In popular culture
Tearing up the phone books becomes half as often considered a force. There's Guinness World Records to tear off most phonebooks over a period of time: a record for most of the torn telephone books within three minutes was founded by Tina Shelton in 2007 for women (21 books) and by Edward Charon in 2006 for men ( 56). book).
See also
- DNS
- LDAP
- Quieter number
- Whois
- The city directory
References
Further reading
- Shea, Ammon (2010). Phonebook: The Curious History of Books Everyone Use But Nothing Reads . Trade Perigee. ISBN 978-0-399-53593-2.
External links
- Media related to Phone books on Wikimedia Commons
- Definition of phone directory dictionary in Wiktionary
- Phone directory in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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