Sending SMS while driving , also called sending messages and driving , is the act of writing, sending, reading text messages, email, or using a similar web on a mobile phone while operating a motor vehicle. Sending SMS while driving is considered very dangerous by many people, including the authorities, and in some places has been banned or restricted. A survey of more than 90 teenagers from more than 26 high schools across the United States conducted by the Liberty Mutual Insurance Group in 2006 showed that 46% of students considered SMS to be "very" or "very" disturbing. An American Automobile Association study showed that 34% of adolescents (ages 16-17) admitted to being distracted behind the wheel because of SMS and 40% of American teenagers said they were in the car when the driver used the phone in a way that puts people in danger. A study involving commercial vehicle operators conducted in September 2009 concluded that although SMS incidents in their datasets are low, sending messages while driving increases the risk of accidents significantly.
Texting has been a social norm since the early 2000s due to the popularity of smartphones. There are many studies that have linked SMS while driving into the cause of life-threatening accidents due to driver disruption. The International Telecommunication Union states that "sending messages, making calls, and other interactions with information in vehicles and communication systems while driving is a serious driver's source of distraction and increasing the risk of traffic accidents". In 2013, the National Security Council estimates there are about 1.4 million US accidents involving mobile phone use. Their model predicts text messaging involved in 6-16% of all car accidents in the US. In 2010, SMS while driving among young racers named the burden of disease and ranked 8 overall in the global years of life lost (YLL). Early deaths of young drivers who fall due to impaired driving have a greater effect on YLL than most diseases.
The 2010 experiment with Eddie Alterman Motor and Eddie magazine editor, which took place on a quiet air lane, showed that sending a message while driving had a worse impact on safety than driving while intoxicated. The Institute of Industrial Engineers concludes that drivers are 20 times more likely to be involved in accidents when sending messages and driving as opposed to driving while intoxicated.
While legally drunk, Alterman's stopping distance of 70 mph (110 km/h) increased by 4 feet (1.2 m); Instead, reading the e-mail adds 36 feet (11 m), and sends the text adding 70 feet (21 m). While celebrities like Oprah Winfrey campaign against SMS while driving, there are reports that the message is not over yet.
Video Texting while driving
Research
Scientific literature on the dangers of driving when sending text messages from mobile phones, or driving while sending messages, is limited but continues to grow. A simulated study at the Monash University Accident Research Center provides strong evidence that taking and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical safety measures. In particular, negative effects are seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes from the road, and (just to send text messages) lateral positions. Mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages, and subsequent distances show no difference. A separate and unreleased simulation study at the University of Utah found a six-fold increase in accident-related disorders when sending text messages.
The low number of scientific studies may point to the general assumption that if talking on cell phones increases risk, then sending SMS also increases the risk, and possibly more. 89% of US adults think that text messaging while driving is "annoying, dangerous, and should be banned". The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has released voting data showing that 87% of people consider SMS and e-mail when driving "very serious" security threats, almost equivalent to 90% of those surveyed who consider drunk as a threat. Despite the recognition of the dangers of SMS behind the wheel, about half of the drivers 16 to 24 say they have sent sms while driving, compared with 22 percent of drivers 35 to 44. SMS while driving got greater attention in the late 2000s, in the number of text messages sent. The 2008 Will Smith movie Seven Pounds deals with the character of Smith who committed suicide to donate his organs to help save the lives of seven people to redeem the seven people he killed in a car accident because he received a text message while he was driving. Sending SMS while driving drew media interest after several massive car crashes were caused by drivers who sent text messages, including an incident in May 2009 involving a Boston trolley driver who crashed while sending a message to his girlfriend. Texting was blamed in the 2008 Chatsworth railway collision that killed 25 passengers. The investigation revealed that the train engineer had sent 45 text messages while in operation. Despite this incident, SMS is still on the rise. PublicBind Fairleigh Dickinson University's July 2010 poll found 25% of New Jersey voters admitted to sending text while driving, which is an increase of 15% in 2008. This increase may be attributed to drivers over the age of 30 sending text messages. Over 35% of New Jersey drivers aged 30 to 45 and 17% of drivers over 45 claim to have sent text messages while driving last year, a 5-10% increase over 2008. Some studies have tried to compare the hazards of SMS while driving by driving in under influence. One such study was conducted by Car and Driver magazine in June 2009. The study, conducted at Oscoda-Wurtsmith Airport in Oscoda, Michigan, used two drivers in a real car and measured reaction time to onset. light on the windshield. This study compares reaction time and subject distance while reading text messages, replying to text messages, and interruptions. This study shows that at 35 mph (56 km/h), reading text messages increases the reaction time at most, 0.12 and 0.87 seconds. Driving disturbances of equal speed resulted in an increase of 0.01 and 0.07 seconds. In terms of stopping distances, these times are estimated to mean:
- Not disturbed: 0.54 seconds to brake
- Taken legally: add 4 feet (1.2 m)
- Read e-mail: add 36 feet (11 m)
- Sending text: add 70 feet (21 m)
On September 29, 2010, the Highway Loss Data Institute insurance industry released a study aimed at showing that a ban on sending messages while driving in four states failed to reduce accidents and instead contributed to an increase in road accidents. US Transport Secretary Ray LaHood called the study "wholly misleading".
In March 2012, the Institute of Advanced Motorists in the UK published a study stating that using smartphones for social networking while driving is more dangerous than driving on a drink or using cannabis. In 2013, based on the 2011 Surveillance Survey of Young Risk Behavior Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control in the US, nearly half of male and female respondents aged 16 to 19 reported sending text messages while driving.
Research by the Transportation Research Laboratory shows that sending messages while driving slows the driver's reaction time over drinking alcohol or using drugs. Driver's reaction time decreased by 46% when making calls, 37% while sending SMS and driving, and 27% during hands-free calls. Those who drank and drove at the limit of 80 mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood, reaction time slowed 13% and 21% for those who were under the influence of cannabis.
A study by the University of Buffalo revealed that similar habits, sending messages while walking, caused more injuries than SMS while driving.
In November 2014, Sawyer et al., From the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory, published the results of a comparative study in a driving simulator. Subjects are requested to use Google Glass messaging interface or smartphone-based interface and then interrupt with emergency events. Glass-delivered messages serve to moderate but do not eliminate the annoying cognitive demands. Passive cost potential for drivers wearing Glass is also observed. Messaging using one of the disturbed driving devices compared to driving without multi-tasking.
In October 2016, Texas A & amp; M Transportation Institute and Aceable Driving published a study showing that teens are more likely to witness their parents or legal guardians driving disturbed than their friends and colleagues. The study also suggested that the ban on sending SMS and driving was rather effective. In Austin, Texas, where a hands-free-driving regulation that prohibits the use of electronic handheld devices when operating a vehicle or a bicycle has been around since 2015, 41% of teenagers report that they have never witnessed their parents or guardians driving undisturbed.. In Houston, Texas, which did not prohibit handheld devices during the study period, only 23% of teens said the same thing. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute's
On July 27, 2009, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute released preliminary findings of their study of impaired drivers in commercial vehicles. Some naturalistic driving studies, long-distance trucks and light vehicles that drive six million miles combined, use video cameras to observe drivers and roads. The researchers looked at 4,452 "safety-critical" events, which included accidents, near accidents, safety-critical events, and path aberrations. 81% of "critical safety" events involve some type of driver disruption. Text messaging has the greatest relative risk, with heavy vehicle drivers or trucks that are more than 23 times more likely to experience safety-critical events when sending text messages. The study found that drivers typically take their eyes off the front path for an average of four out of six seconds when sending text messages, and averaging 4.6 out of six seconds around critical-safety events. The study revealed that when traveling at 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), a SMS driver for 6 seconds was looking at the phone for 4.6 seconds then and traveling the football field without their eyes on the road. Some of VTTI's conclusions from this study include that "SMS should be banned in moving vehicles for all drivers", and that "all cell phone use should be banned for new licensed juvenile drivers". The results are listed in the table below.
Naturalistic Studies
In 2011 Shutko and Tijerina reviewed large naturalistic studies on cars (Dingus and Klauer, 2008; Klauer et al., 2006; Young and Schreiner, 2009), good heavy vehicles (Olsen in el, 2008) and commercial and bus vehicles (Hickman et al. , 2010) and in field operational tests (Sayer et al. , 2005, 2007), and concluded:
Maps Texting while driving
Dangers
The popularity of mobile devices has some unintended and even harmful consequences. The use of mobile devices is associated with a significant increase in impaired driving, resulting in injury and even loss of life.
- In 2010 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that disrupted drivers were the cause of 18% of all fatal accidents with 3,092 people killed, and collisions resulting in injuries with 416,000 injured.
- According to a Pew Research Center survey, 40% of American teenagers say they are in a car where drivers use their phones in ways that harm people.
- The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute has found that text messaging creates a 23 times worse collision risk than driving when undisturbed.
- Eleven percent of drivers aged between 18 to 20 years old are involved in car accidents and congratulations to admit that they send or receive SMS when it falls.
Legal by location
A number of countries prohibit all use of mobile phones while driving (speaking and sending messages).
Australia
The law is almost the same for all states and territories in Australia. Motorists (excluding emergency vehicles, taxis or police vehicles) may not use cell phones while the vehicle is moving, or stationary but not parked, unless the driver is exempt from this rule under other laws of this jurisdiction. The law does not apply if the phone in the installation remains secure positioned in such a way that the driver does not need to take their eyes off the road. The law also does not apply if the driver uses a hands-free device. In some locations, temporary or student drivers are prohibited from using any form of cell phone use when they control the vehicle. Regardless of the phone, the driver should not be distracted by anything else; this includes GPS and PDA devices.
Canada
All the provinces and the Northwest Territories have banned them from talking on mobile phones and sending messages while driving. Two other areas of the country, Nunavut, and Yukon, have not imposed restrictions.
German
Any use of the phone is prohibited while the vehicle engine is running. This however does not apply to handsfree devices, provided the driver is not disturbed. In 2014, a higher court overturned a lower court ruling and ruled that mobile use was allowed during traffic, if it happened when the vehicle was stopped and the start-stop system had shut down the engine.
Dutch
Any use of mobile phones is prohibited if the vehicle is in motion. However, this does not apply to hands-free devices.
New Zealand
In 2009, the Government of New Zealand introduced a new clause for Land Transport Rules (Road User), which prohibits the use of mobile phones while driving, except for emergency calls to 111 or * 555 (only if it is not safe or impractical to stop vehicles from making calls).
Swedish
The Swedish government, on December 22, 2012, has stated that sending text messages while driving is not a violation that may lead to a ban, but it seeks to clarify the United Arab Emirates
The use of cell phones while driving is prohibited and offenders can also expect to have added demerit points to their records. On one occasion an UAE minister himself was given a fine for using his cell phone while driving.
United Kingdom
Any use of a mobile phone or similar device while driving, or supervising a student's driver, is illegal. This includes when stopping at a traffic light. The only exception is an emergency call to 999 or 112.
United States
Sending SMS while driving is generally prohibited for drivers in all states and the District of Columbia except Arizona, Montana, and Missouri.
On October 1, 2009, the US Department of Transport (DOT) announced the signing of President Barack Obama on an Executive Order that directed federal employees not to engage in text messages while driving government-owned vehicles, among other activities. According to Transportation Secretary Ray Lahood, "This order sends a very clear signal to the American public that the diversion is dangerous and unacceptable, suggesting that the federal government leads by example." As part of a larger step to combat impaired driving, DOT and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) launched the public information website distraction.gov. In addition, a petition was filed on the White House petition website, We the People, to ask the Obama administration to encourage all countries that have not done so to legislate prohibiting texting and driving.
On January 26, 2010, the US Transportation Department announced a federal ban to send SMS while driving by truckers and bus drivers.
Existing laws
The famous collision
- On August 29, 2007, Danny Oates was killed by a young car driver, allegedly sending SMS while driving. Defenders argue that driver Jeffrey Woods may have a seizure during the time of the accident.
- On January 3, 2008 Heather Leigh Hurd was killed by a truck driver who allegedly was sending a message while driving. His father, Russel Hurd has been actively supporting the law in various US states called Law Heather which will ban SMS while driving.
- The Chatsworth railway collision 2008, which killed 25 people, and happened on 12 September 2008, was blamed on operators who sent text messages while operating the train.
- In May 2009 an accident occurred at MBTA Green Line in Boston's MBTA area, when a 24-year-old driver Aiden Quinn sent a text message to his girlfriend while riding the train. The accident, which injured 46 people, is estimated by MBTA officials to cost $ 9.6 million.
- The fatal plastic surgery of Beverly Hills plastic Frank Ryan on August 16, 2010 may be the result of a distraction due to SMS.
- In May 2012, a jury in Corpus Christi, Texas awarded $ 21 million in compensation to a woman who was hit by a Coca-Cola driver who had used her cell phone at the time of the accident. The plaintiff's lawyer successfully stated that Coca-Cola's phone policy for its drivers is "unclear and ambiguous."
- In June 2012, Aaron Deveau, 18 years old from Haverhill, Massachusetts was found guilty of motor vehicle killing by texting. He was sentenced to two years in jail and lost his license for 15 years. Deveau was the first person in the state of Massachusetts to be convicted of motor vehicle killing by texting, and possibly the first in the United States.
- In September 2012, 21-year-old Stephanie Kanoff of Sun Prairie, WI was found guilty by a jury in July of murder for negligent driving for death October 24, 2010, Dylan Ellefson, 21, a senior at UW-Madison, residing behind his defective car when he and his car were hit by a Kanoff minivan. Kanoff was also sentenced to undergo two years of extended supervision after he was released from prison. In addition to extended prisons and supervision, Kanoff was instructed to spend 100 hours talking to young people learning to drive and other groups about the dangers of texting while driving, and also being instructed not to drive with a phone turned on in the driver's area of ​​a car. Kanoff should also take a driving safety course to get his license back after the mandatory annual annulment.
- In March 2017, near Garner State Park, located in Concan, Texas, 13 people on a church bus were killed when the driver of a pickup truck was crossing the median line and crashing into their bus.
Technology as a solution
In 2009, it was reported that some companies, including iZUP, ZoomSafer, Aegis Mobility, and cellcontrol by obdEdge use a system that places restrictions on the use of mobile phones based on GPS phone signals, data from the car itself or from nearby mobile towers. Also, companies like TextNoMore offer opt-in solutions that reward users for activation.
The use of telematics to detect drunk driving and texting while driving has been suggested. The US patent application that incorporates this technology with an open-based insurance product is open to public comment about patent partners. Insurance products will not prohibit the sending of SMS while driving, but will charge a fee that sends the text and encourages a higher premium.
In 2013, the use of location-based technology to detect SMS potentials during driving situations has been announced. This approach uses GPS service and Network Location from Android phones to estimate the speed of mobile phones when text messages are sent. The suggested approach in this case is for parents installing apps on their kids Android phones to secretly monitor SMS, send alerts when potential text messages when driving situations occur, and phone counseling holder (in this case, teenage drivers) after the fact.
For now there is no technology-based solution for iPhone. This is due to Apple's application sandbox application approach applied to the iOS operating system. IPhone apps do not have access to low-level device interfaces, as a result iPhone apps can not block or automatically respond to text messages when someone is driving. However, the SafeTexting Campaign has developed an iPhone app that detects whether someone is driving and reminds them not to text and drive.
Over the past few months, various state police forces in Australia have begun testing a camera that has the ability to pick up the wrong driver from more than 500 meters. Police in Western Australia use disguised motorbikes to supervise other motorists and any violations will be recorded on motorcycle helmet cameras.
Police in India are becoming more aggressive in traffic violations and again, there are many uses of cameras.
See also
- Distracted driving
- Mobile and driving security
- Mobile ban (being speaking) by country
References
External links
- FCC - SMS Danger while Driving Consumer Guide
- Mobile phones and driving laws in the United States (including SMS)
- Pending driving questions
- Secure SMS Campaign
- Sending SMS & amp; Driving Facts and Prevention through New Technology
- Traffic Safety Facts: Use of Driver Electronic Devices in 2011 (USA), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, April 2013
- SMS and Driving - National Epidemic
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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