The Toyota Supra ( Japan: ?????? , Toyota S? ) is a sports/grand tourer car manufactured by Toyota Motor Corporation from 1978 to 2002. The Supra style comes from Toyota Celica, but it's longer and wider. Beginning in mid-1986, the A70 Supra became a separate model of the Celica. In turn, Toyota also stopped using the Celica prefix and started calling Supra cars. Due to the similarity and past of the Celica name, it is often mistaken for Supra, and vice versa. The first, second, and third generation supras are assembled in Tahara factory in Tahara, Aichi, while the fourth generation Supra is assembled at Motomachi factory in Toyota City.
Supra also traces its roots back to Toyota 2000GT with the main engine. The first three generations are offered with direct descendants to the Toyota Crown and M 2000GT engines. All four generations of the Supra produced have an inline 6-cylinder engine. The interior aspect is also similar, like the chassis code "A".
Along with the name and this Toyota car also includes its own logo for Supra. It comes from the original Celica logo, being blue instead of orange. The logo was used until January 1986, when the A70 Supra was introduced. The new logo is similar in size, with orange writing on a red background, but without dragon design. The logo, in turn, was in Supras until 1991 when Toyota switched to its current oval logo. (The dragon logo is the Celica logo regardless of what color it was.It appeared in the first two generations of Supra because they were officially Toyota Celicas.The dragon logo was used for the Celica line until it was also stopped.)
In 1998, Toyota halted Supra sales in the United States and in 2002 Toyota officially halted Supra production in Japan.
The name of the generation is A40, A60, A70, A80. The trend started by American owners is to name cars that use the term Volkswagen Mark, but this has never been adopted by Toyota or used in any publications. Toyota's official name refers to chassis code only. Toyota uses the Mark II name to refer to its chassis X chassis that includes Mark II, Cressida, Chaser, and Cresta models.
Supra has appeared in many video games, movies, music videos and TV shows. Some of the most notable appearances include Gran Turismo , Forza Motorsport , Sega GT , Tokyo Xtreme Racer , Need for Speed, Midnight Club and Forza Horizon video games and Fast and the Furious Movies.
Video Toyota Supra
Generasi pertama (A40; 1978-1981)
The first generation of Supra is largely based on the Toyota Celica lift, but longer with 129.5 mm (5.10 inches). The door and the back are divided by the Celica but the front panel extends to accommodate the Inline-6 ​​instead of the 4-cylinder Celica stock machine. Toyota's initial plan for Supra today is to make it a competitor for the highly popular Datsun (now Nissan) Z car.
1978
In April 1978 Toyota began producing Supra in Japan, as Celica XX, and sold with Celica on a Japanese dealer sales channel called Toyota Corolla Store
Supra offered with 123H (92 kW) 2.0 L 12-valve SOHC inline-6 ​​â € <â € Supra was first exported outside Japan in January 1979. The Mark I export version was originally equipped with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.563 cc (2.563 L, 156.4 cuÃ, in) 12-valve SOHC inline-6 ​​(4M- E, MA46 chassis code). The drive train option for the model is a 5-speed manual (W50) or an optional 4-speed automatic transmission (A40D). Both transmissions feature overdrive gear. Upper gear at 5-speed is a too fast gear while the automatic transmission features a gear that will work at speeds over 35 mph (56 km/h). Drive train for Supra maintains a solid T rear axle configuration from Celica in MA45 Japanese version and larger F series (and optionally Limited Slip Differential) in MA46 and MA47. This car also comes standard with 4-wheel disc brakes and features a four-link rear suspension with coil spring, lateral track bar, and stabilizer bar. Front suspension consists of MacPherson struts and stabilizer bar. The inside of Supra has an optional power window and power key as part of the comfort package. The comfort package also includes cruise control and special door trim with door pull straps, with an optional sunroof. For standard features, in the center console there is a prolonged map lamp and flip-top armrest, which provides storage. Some other features are the tilting steering wheel, an inner zipper pocket on the back of the front seat, and a tonneau cover under the liftback. The dashboard also contains a sophisticated AM/FM/MPX 4-speaker stereo radio, analog clock, and tachometer as part of the instrument panel. 1979
Mid-1979 changes to the 1980 model of the US version of most of the cosmetics. The interior accepts a redesigned center console and digital quartz clock. On the exterior there is a redesigned rearview mirror and standard 14x5 spacer / 2 "(the previous year had a steel wheel with a plastic wheel cover standard and aluminum wheels are optional). In addition, mudflap molded bodies become available. In copper metals and white cars, the mud is painted body color while the mud is left black on all other colors. At the back of the mud, the word "Celica" is painted with white letter.
The Supra official website also notes that there is an optional optional leather seating and automatic climate control.
1980
In August 1980 (for the 1981 model), Supra received an upgrade in displacement with 2,759 cc (2,759 L, 168.4 cuÃ, in) 5M-E engines. It's still a 12-valve SOHC engine, but it makes torque of 116 hp (87 kW) and 145 lb? Ft (197Ã, N? M). The car's auto transmission was changed to the revised Toyota A43D and it got the final final drive fixed. Due to engine changes and their transmission dubbed the new chassis code MA47. In the last year of the first generation supra, it reached a 0-60 mph time of 10.24 seconds and finished 1/4-mile in 17.5 seconds at 77.7 mph (125.0 km/h).
Also in 1980 (for the 1981 model), the new Sports Performance Package became an option, including sports suspension, white font tires, and front and rear spoilers. It also marked last year that an 8-track cassette player is offered in all Supra.
Powertrain
Celica XX
The Celica XX (pronounced as "double X") is the Japanese market name of the first generation model of Toyota Celica Supra. It was offered in Japan during 1978-1981, and was redesigned in 1981. Toyota gained technical assistance from Lotus Cars, and supplied several components for use in Lotus Excel. The Supra is sold as Celica XX only in Japan on Japanese dealer sales channels called Toyota Corolla Store , as elsewhere it is sold as Celica Supra, though they remain popular as gray imports to New Zealand.
The 2000GT is the flagship model of the XX range. Equipped with a 2.0-liter DOHC 24-valve 1G-EU smaller 2.0-liter engine, Yamaha takes the 1G-EU base and improves it, resulting in 1G-GEU significantly boosting engine output, also presented at Toyota Soarer in 1985.. Smaller capacity engines mean road taxes smaller than 5M-GEU larger than 2800GT. 1G-GEU produces 160 PS (118 kW) at 6400 rpm.
The 2800GT is the most powerful of its range, featuring a 2.8 liter six-cylinder DOHC 5M-GEU making 175 PS (129 kW) at 5,600 rpm. The 2000G/S with M-TEU with intercooler made 160 PS (118 kW) at 5,400 rpm, as much as 1G-GEU, but makes more torque lower down rev range, 23.5 kgf? M (230? N? M) at 3,000 rpm. The lower-range models, the 2000G/S, are the most powerful, featuring 1G-EU, which makes 125 PS (92 kW) at 5,400 rpm. They also do not have many features found in other models. in an effort to lower costs.
In 1981, Celica XX introduced the world's first navigation computer.
Maps Toyota Supra
Second generation (A60; 1981-1986)
At the end of 1981, Toyota completely redesigned the Celica Supra as well as the entire Celica line for the 1982 production year. In Japan, they are known as Celica XX, but elsewhere the name Celica Supra is used. Still based around the Celica platform, there are some key differences, especially the front end design and a fully retractable pop-up lamp. Another difference is the inline-6 ​​â € <â € L-type and P-type
In the North American market, Celica Supra is available in two different models. There is "Performance Type" (type-P) and "Luxury Type" (L-type). While mechanically identical, they are distinguished by the available options; tire size, wheel size, and body trim. The P-type has a fiberglass fiberglass flare on the well wheel, while the L-type is not. The P-type is also standard with adjustable seats with eight more sporty directions. The P-type did not get the leather interior option until 1983. All P-type editions have the same 14x7 inch aluminum alloy wheels and all year L-type has 14x5.5 inch wheels up to 1985 when they are converted into 15x6 P-style styles. Type-L also has a digital dash option with a travel computer; some Canadian models (both L-type and P-type) have this option as well as some rare examples of American models. The digital dashboard features a digital tachometer, digital speedometer, and electronic fuel levels as well as a cooling level gauge. The travel computer can calculate and display things like fuel economy in miles per gallon, estimated arrival time (ETA), and distance left to destination. Excluding the 1982 model, all P-types are available with headlight washers as an option, but the L-type is never given such an option. Although gear ratios change throughout the year, all P-types come standard with limited slip differential.
1982
For 1982, in the North American market, the Celica Supra machine is a 2,759 cc (2,759 L, 168.4 cuÃ, in) 12-valve (two valve per cylinder) DOHC 5M-GE. The power output is 145 hp (108 kW) and 155 lb ft (210 N m) of torque. The machine uses a compression ratio of 8.8: 1 to achieve strength and display the vacuum forward distributor. When the car debuted it clocked a 0-60 mph time of 9.8 seconds and netted 17.2 seconds 1/4-mile at 80 mph (130 km/h)
The standard transmission for this year is the W58 5-speed manual with 4-speed A43DL automatic transmission which is preferred for the L-type. Both transmissions feature overdrive gear and an automatic locking torque converter feature. The top gear at 5-speed is overdrive while the automatic transmission displays a gear that will work at speeds over 35 mph (56 km/h). The 1982 model's rear differentials feature a ratio of 3.72: 1. Celica Supra's four-wheel independent suspension is specifically tuned and designed by Lotus and features variable-aided power-rack-and-pinion steering and MacPherson struts on the front. At the rear, it has a semi-trailing arm suspension with a coil spring and a stabilizer bar. The braking on the Celica Supra is handled by four wheel disc brakes.
On the inside, this generation has standard power windows, electric door locks, and electric mirrors and tilt steering wheels. The electric door lock is located on the center console next to the power mirror control. This year's analog dashboard only reaches 85 mph (140 km/h) in North America. The optional automatic climate control has been renovated and is now seen as a standard feature on the A60. Roaming control is standard in this generation. Toyota also incorporated a retractable map light as standard. Some options include the addition of a sunroof, two-tone, and five AM/FM/MPX speaker screens with tapes. The optional cassette stereo features a 105 watt power amplifier and a seven-band graphic equalizer. Standard Stereo is a five channel AM/FM/MPX tuner. Leather is the choice on the L-type this year, but the P-type is limited to standard striped fabrics.
The AM/FM antenna is integrated into the windshield rather than the regular external mast antenna. There is a key lock on the gas tank door (as a replacement for the remote release) and the black hatch and back bumper regardless of paint color on the rest of the car. The P-type is available with an optional rear sunshade over hatching glass. The lights on the back show a reverse light in the middle and the door handle opens the door by pulling sideways. The front nose badges and B-pillar only read "Supra" for the first few months of production, but were changed to read "Celica Supra" in the mid-year model. The L-type has front and rear mudflaps but the P-type this year is not.
1983
For the 1983 model not much was changed, but there was an increase in power output up to 150 hp (112 kW) and 159Ã, lb? Ft (216Ã, N? M) torque of the same 5M-GE engine. The only real change in the engine area is a shift from a vacuum forward to an advanced distributor of electronics, but that does not increase power. Toyota switched to a 4.10: 1 rear tooth ratio for P-type and 3.73: 1 for the L-type. As for the optional automatic transmission, they replaced the 4-speed A43DL with the newly designed A43DE 4-speed. It displays an electronic controller that will adjust the shift pattern for a balance between performance and economy. It is the first in the industry to provide electronically controlled transmissions (ECT). This allows the driver to choose the mode of driving "power" or "normal" driving mode by pressing the button. Power mode provides the fastest acceleration and normal mode provides the best performance around.
On the inside of the car there is almost no change, but changes to the exterior include switching to a mast power antenna, mudflap on all models, and adding headlight washers to P-types. All B-pillar and nose badges for cars sold in North America read "Celica Supra" and only P-types available in two-tone color schemes.
1984
In 1984, Toyota changed slightly to Supra. The power output is improved on a 5-speed model with bumps up to 160 hp (119 kW) and 163Ã, lb? Ft (221Ã, N? M) torque. This improvement is achieved with a mixture of redesigned intake manifolds with a D-shaped intake runner and an increase in compression ratio for: 9.2: 1. Another significant change in 5-speed is switching to the 4.30: 1 gear ratio in the rear differential. All Supras automatically retain the previous year's power number, but the rear tooth ratio is changed to 4.10: 1.
The most important exterior change is the transition to the signal front turn. Also outside the redesigned tail lights and hatch received a "Supra" billboard sticker instead of the smaller sticker, which was previously positioned on the right. Palka and rear bumper are changed and receive the same color as the rest of the car (not black from the previous year). The door handle is also rotated, opening by pulling up instead of sideways. This year Toyota also decided to offer a two-tone paint scheme on P-type and L-type.
Some interior controls such as steering, cruise control, and redesigned door lock buttons. Toyota includes a 130 mph (210 km/h) speedometer instead of the traditional 85 mph (140 km/h) one and the automatic climate control screen also changes. The previous year's stereo cassette and equalizer options are now made into standard features.
1985-1986
Supra changed again in 1985. On the engine side, the power output increased to 161 hp (120 kW) and 169 lb ft (229 N N m) of torque. All Supras this year have the same amount of power (automatic and speed 5). The engine receives a redesigned throttle position sensor (TPS) as well as a new EGR system and a tap sensor. With a slight increase in power Supra is able to push itself from 0-60 mph in 8.4 seconds and netted 16.1 seconds a quarter of a mile at 85 mph (137 km/h).
Another change is the redesigned blinds and spoilers, more integrated in the back of the hatch. The rear spoiler is changed from one piece to two parts. Type-L this year is not available with leather interior, but the P-type is. Toyota added a standard factory theft prevention system and an outer mirror equipped with a defogger that is activated with a rear defroster. All Supras this year receive automatic turnoffs that also include illuminated entry and illumination systems.
While 1985 was the last year of the second generation model, the delay in the production of the third generation model led to a second generation Supras surplus. During the first half of 1986 the 1985 P-type was still offered for sale, with only a few cosmetic changes as well as the addition of a third brake light mounted behind it on the hold. These were all officially labeled as the 1986 model. The P-type was the only model available in 1986.
Market
The second generation of Supra comes in a variety of choices around the world and is only offered during certain years.
Most Europe
- Sold from 1982 to 1986.
- 82-83: 2,759, cc (2,759Ã, L; 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE 174Ã, hp (130Ã, kW) and 207Ã, lb ? ft (281Ã, N? m)) torque. Analog dashboard, no flare fender.
- 84-86: 2,759, cc (2,759Ã, L; 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE 178Ã, hp (133Ã,kW) and 212Ã,bb ft (287Ã , M) torque. Digital dashboard, P-Type flare fender.
United Kingdom
- Sold from 1982 to 1986.
- 82-83: 2,759, cc (2,759Ã, L; 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE 178Ã, hp (133Ã, kW) and 212Ã, lb ? ft (287Ã, N? m) of torque. Analog dashboard, no flare fender.
- 84-86: 2,759, cc (2,759Ã, L; 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE 178Ã, hp (133Ã,kW) and 212Ã,bb ft (287Ã , M) torque. Digital dashboard, P-Type flare fender.
Australia, Sweden, and Switzerland
- Sold from 1984 to 1986.
- 2,759, cc (2.759Ã, L; 168.4 cuÃ, in) SOHC 5M-E 140Ã, PS (103Ã, kW; 138Ã, hp) and 167Ã, lb ? ft (226Ã, N? m) of torque.
- Supra in Australia sold from 1983 to 1986 had digital dash, fender flares, 14x7 inch wheels, 84 style lights, one part spoiler, LSD and optional sunroof. This is the only variant and no Type L is offered.
- In Australia, Supra (produced between 1982 and 1990), is rated in the 2006 Used Car Safety Ratings as providing "worse-than-average" protection for residents in case of an accident.
New Zealand
- Sold from 1984 to 1985
- 2,759Ã, cc (2,759Ã, L; 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE 178Ã, hp (133Ã, kW) and 212Ã, lb? ft (287Ã,M? m) of torque. Digital dashboard, P-Type flare fender.
Powertrain
Third generation (A70; 1986-1993)
In May 1986, Toyota ready to release the next version of Supra. The bond between Celica and Supra is cut; they are now two different models. Celica turned into a front-wheel drive, utilizing Toyota's "T" platform associated with Toyota Corona, while Supra retained its rear-wheel drive platform. The engine has been updated to 3.0 L inline 6 which is more powerful with 200 hp (149 kW). Although originally only available with naturally aspirated engines, the turbocharged engine was added to the 1987 model. Supra is now mechanically related to the Toyota Soarer for the Japanese market.
All the Japanese market supras with various versions of the 2.0L engine are installed in slightly narrower vehicles outside so as to comply with Japanese Government dimensions regulations so that Japanese buyers are not responsible for annual taxes for driving a car. bigger cars.
The new Supra A70 engine, the Toyota 7M-GE, is Toyota's main engine armament. Both versions contain 4 valves per cylinder and double overhead cams. The 7M-GTE turbocharged engine is Toyota's first distributor-less engine offered in the US that uses a coil package laid on cam cover and cam-driven cam position sensor. It is equipped with a CT26 turbocharger and rated at 230 hp (172 kW) at 5,600 rpm while a naturally aspired 7M-GE engine is rated at 200 hp (149 kW) at 6,000 rpm. Further improvements to the turbo model increased power up to 232Ã, hp (173Ã, kW) and 254Ã,bb ft (344Ã, Â ° m) of torque in 1989. This was largely due to the redesign of the wastegate. All models use the same tire size of 225/50R16 on 16x7 inch wheels. Full-sized backup tire but on steel wheels.
Due to a major error in the factory head bolt torque specification (probably due to switching from using an asbestos headpack as a copper substitute), all of these machines have severe problems with exploding head gaskets. Toyota never issued a recall for all affected vehicles. The problem can be easily fixed by replacing the head gasket and torquing head bolts up to 75Ã, lb? Ft (102Ã, N? M) torque. However, due to the lack of proper recall or service bulletin, the head gasket issue will recur 75,000 miles or more if the gasket is replaced and the bolt is retorqued to the wrong service manual specification of 56 lb? Ft (76Ã, N). m). With well-flung head bolts, the engine is very powerful.
The natural aspiration comes as a standard problem with the W58 manual transmission. The turbo version includes a more powerful R154 manual transmission. Both are available with an optional 4-speed A340E automatic transmission.
The third generation Supra represents many new technologies. In 1986, the options available for Supra included ABS 3-channel and TEMS that provided driver settings 2 that affected damper levels; the third is automatically enabled on WOT, hard braking, and high speed maneuvers. The HKS also created a "TEMS Controller" to hack the system and activate it quickly, even though the controller is now almost impossible to find.
ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System), a method of controlling air compression pulses in the piping intake to increase power, is also part of the 7M-GE technology warehouse. All models are equipped with double wishbone suspension front and rear. An upper targa is offered at all years along with a metal strength shear sunroof (added to '91).
Total Supra A70 produced (GA70/MA70/JZA70): An estimated 241,471
1986
Supra's third generation was introduced in May 1986 as a free-standing model, officially separating it from Celica. While the Celica into a front-wheel sports coupe, Supra retains its image as a sports car/rear wheel GT. The new Supra will continue moving upward and become a showcase for Toyota technology. The new Supra is powered by a 3.0 liter DOHC 6 liter cylinder engine with 200 bph power. Important features include electronically controlled independent suspension (called Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension - TEMS), and some equipped with removable Roof-Sport panels (over Targa).
Estimated North American Export Production: 33.283
1987
The A70 Supra Turbo was first introduced in 1987. The inter-cooled, turbocharged version of the 3.0-liter inline 6-cylinder engine boosted power to 230 hp (172 kW, 233 PS) 240 lbÃ, Â · ft (325 N Â ° m ). The Turbo model also includes an oil cooler engine and an integrated rear spoiler. The sports package, which is standard on Turbo and optional on basic models, includes limited slip differential (LSD), TEMS, and headlamp washers. The new Anti-Lock Braking (ABS) system is optional in both models. Also in 87 new beige/tan color combinations are implemented, and only 1000 models are produced with this scheme. Toyota installed its variable induction technology to DOHC twin turbo 1G-GT called T-VIS and also put it into a 7M-GT engine as well.
Estimated North American Export Production: 29,907
1988
Not much changed for 1988, with the exception of dropping the two-color brown exterior paint. The brake lights of the turbo spoiler change from a square, to a trapezoidal shape. The seat pattern is changed from box to line, and "foil" on climate control and tooth switches turns from light to dark gray. Japanese buyers can choose from six different trim packages starting with the top 3.0 GT Turbo Limited with 7M-GTEU engine, followed by 3.0 GT Turbo, GT Twin Turbo with 1G-GTEU DOHC 2.0L engine, GT with 2, 0 L DOHC 1G-GEU engine, G with 1G-EU and S with 1G-EU engine as the base model. All Japanese Supras come with a 5-speed manual transmission or 4-speed automatic transmission with ECT-s except G and S where ECT-S is not available. In Japan, 3.0 GT Turbo Limited, 3.0 GT Turbo and GT Twin Turbo are installed standard with digital instrument panel, installed version 3.0 L is equipped with AM/FM Cassette stereo with CD player and integrated cruise control. Climate control is also standard on all turbo-equipped vehicles, and leather interior is only available at GT Turbo Limited.
Estimated North American Export Production: 19,596
1989
During 1989, modifications to the wastegate actuator, feed location and engine management encompassed another 2 hp (1 kW) on the turbo model. The mount and brace machines were also changed at the end of 1989, with exact dates not known in this paper. Changes made to cross members and mounts are made to accommodate 1JZ engines for Japanese models. The protective body mold is also modified by taking steel reinforcement. This makes lighter molding and prevents rusting problems in previous years. The "white package" was also introduced, featuring white body prints and a "white saw" wheel. The interior option is limited to blue and burgundy only. In addition to pure cosmetics, nothing is different from other models. All models get a 3-point rear seat belt to replace the two-point belt belt the previous year. New tail lights, front bumper with integrated lower grille (compared to removable grille in previous years), side mirror, turn signal, top grille, fog lamp, steering wheel, door panel, temperature controller , switches and window bezels, and stereos. The addition of a coat hanger on the B-pillar and the removal of the rear seat pocket complements the interior changes. The turbo model accepts three pieces of spoiler with integrated LED brake lights. 1989 also marks the end of a washing machine in the US and SuperMonitor; the sophisticated system offered by Toyota is able to calculate the miles that can be traversed in the current tank, the ability to check vehicle codes from inside the cabin, among other features.
Estimated North American Export Production: 14,544
1990
For the 1990 model, the changes included a larger laminate protector in front of the rear wheels, lower redline (due to heavier crank with cylinder 2 & 5 balancer), redesigned steering with cruise control moved to the rod on the right side. In addition to the airbag and airbag indicator lights on the dashboard, there is also a redesign of the left side switch panel, which replaces one of the coin slots with the dimmer. The lower dashboard panel becomes a two-part design, which is also much heavier than the previous one-piece panel due to material changes. Finally the memory lever on the steering column has been removed. In short, a large number of changes for 1989 and 1990 came from the interior.
Estimated North American Export Production: 6,419
1991
For the 1991 model, the wheel design was converted into a 5-spoke wheel. Both models use 16x7 aluminum alloy wheels equipped with 225/50/16 tires and full-size parts on steel wheels. Body molding changes color to better match the exterior. The "Supra" front grip is also converted into the current corporate oval Toyota symbol which is then used for each Supra. The speedometer was also revised, and included more lines on the speedometer, which was removed in 1989, but still did not have as many (one line per mph) as 86.5 to 1988 models. The new interior colors of gray and deep red shadows were introduced , which marks the end of medium gray, brown and burgundy. Blue is available only on white packages, and blue ones. Burgundy replaced with white package-only red. Every other body color receives gray shadows, with leather interiors retaining medium gray seats and interior inserts. The front speakers are changed from 3.5 "to 6.5" and the speaker cover is also enlarged to accommodate them. Starting in 1991, Toyota began offering a factory-style sunroof panel spoiler. The Sunroof is now highly sought after and the rare since the introduction of sunroofs was introduced in the later years of this generation Supra.
Estimated North American Export Production: 3,623
1992
For 1992 the interior shades of gray shadows received black seats and inserts. The non-turbo model loses the top targa option, and an optional new subwoofer is available. Supra equipped Subwoofer does not have a rear bin, and wooden boards. Instead, the rear carpet was formed for spare tires, and there was a cut-out for the woofer housing.
Estimated North American Export Production: 1,193
JZA70 and GA70
Supra is also available in two non-export models in Japan which are right-hand drive (RHD), JZA70 with parallel twin-turbo configuration of 2.5-liter 280 PS (206-kW) 1JZ-GTE, and GA70 with 2.0 - liter 210Ã, PS (154Ã, kW) twin-turbo 1G-GTE and non-turbo 1G-GEU.
JZA70-R
In addition to the launch of the JZA70 in 1990, Toyota released a special version of the JZA70 1JZ-GTE known as the 2.5 Twin Turbo R (JZA70-R) model. It boasts additional upgrades, including light wobbling bars, larger intercoolers, Torsen differentials, sport suspensions Interbred TEIN/Bilstein, Shadow/Dark gray interior trims, MOMO steering wheel and dental gear and Recaro seats and door trim. The wheels are painted in charcoal gray, and the front bumper lip displays the air ducts channeled for the front brake. Twin Turbo R introduced a new and exclusive color option in 1992 for the JZA70-R model known as Jade Mica Green. The JZA70-R model is the lightest and fastest A70 Supra model.
Turbo A
The Turbo-A is Toyota's evolution model for the Japan Tour Car Championship [Group A] (JTCC) worldwide which requires a minimum of 500 homologations. Turbo-A was produced for 2 months during the period September and October 1988 and is available strictly in Japan. Thus the term 88 Spec A. Several differences were noted between the standard MA70 Supra 3.0 GT and Turbo-A models are both cosmetic and mechanical. Stock stock CT-26 has a slightly larger induser and can be identified with "E" stamped on the raised casting at the compressor housing. Turbo-A has a 65 mm (2.6 in) throttle body and is accompanied by a larger "diameter" crossover tube, not a standard 7M-GTE 60 mm (2.4 in) standard throttle body and an original 3000 "casting pipe. Turbo-A also benefits from a larger volume air purifier than factory plastic units, as well as thick roll bars and versatile ventilated disc brakes.
Fuel management uses the MAP system, not the Karmen Vortex AFM standard. The front nose has an additional "Turbo A duct" to add airflow to the top of the intercooler. Also unique are the sticker and rear side badging ("3.0GT Turbo A") and black paint job (paint code 202). All Turbo-A comes standard with gray leather interior featuring MOMO-sourced steering wheel and shift knob. It's powered by a Toyota 7M-GTEU 273 hp (204 kW) engine. It is important to note that the 7M-GTEU is standard in all Japanese specifications delivered MA70 and not unique to Turbo-A. Marking "U" means the machine is equipped with a catalytic converter according to Japanese spec emission.
Group-A MA70 Supra has varying degrees of success in areas such as Rally and 24HR, but is best known for its participation in the Japan Touring Car Championship (JTCC). At JTCC, Supra does not win as many contests as it is intended, which is mainly judged by the fact that it is underdeveloped and its placement in the higher-level division under regulation due to 3.0 liters engine displacement, imposing Toyota with inhibitory performance goes with curb weight higher and less power than the rest of its class. Both TOM'S and SARD teams fared well in the results at (JTCC) with the TOM team winning on their debut in 1987, before abruptly end their career (JTCC) with the Group-A MA70 in 1989. After the Touring Championship The first Australia (ATCC) debuted in 1989 Group-A Supra failed to finish its first race. With DNF being a common annoyance and a lack of strength and heavy burden from Supra, it begins to cast doubt on the ability of successful automobiles in (ATCC) that are suffering increasingly due to rules and regulatory changes that continue to produce red-faced results against its main rivals such as Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 , Skyline HR31 GTS-R and BMW M3 (E30) are lighter, stronger, and smaller capacity. Hopes will diminish for Toyota in the top division with the introduction of the Nissan Skyline GTR (R32) that dominated the Japan Touring Tour Championship (JTCC) in 1989 and the Australian Touring Car Championship (ATCC) in 1990. Toyota in 1991 will switch to race Corolla Levin instead in lower level divisions, while many privateer teams uniformed with Supra until the end of Group A collapse in 1993. It is said that from a handful of Group-A MA70 still existed after being returned to Japan was destroyed after the Group A race ended. One that is known to remain intact is maintained by the original driver and owner (ATCC) John Smith in Australia, who still sees the track and center of attention at today's auto show.
Only eleven MA70 Group-A turbos built by TRD Japan for homologation racing. Some of the many specially developed parts fitted to various Group A racing cars include a nine-liter magnesium oil pot with a suitable high flow oil pump, 288 10.8mm camshafts lift, Hollinger near proportion of 5spd gear-set in Casing R154, Harrop 4 piston brake calipers with 15.5? (393mm) rotor, TRD-sourced torque-vectoring mechanically limited-slip differential with 50:50 left: lock right at full throttle. TRD is also responsible for the anti-squat rear bold rails that are integral to the multi-link rear suspension arrangement to control the rear squat under hard acceleration and launch.
Powertrain
The fourth generation (A80; 1993-2002)
The A80 program began in February 1989 under various teams for design, product planning, and engineering. In the mid-1990s, the final A80 design concept from the Toyota Technical Center Aichi was approved and frozen for production by the end of 1990. The first test rat was hand-made on the A70 body during the late 1990s, followed by the first A80 prototype being worked on. assembled in 1991. Again using the subframe, suspension, and drivetrain assemblies of the Z30 Soarer (Lexus SC300/400), the pre-production test model began in December 1992 with 20 models, and the official mass production began in April 1993. Redesign this sees Toyota put great emphasis on more serious high-performance cars. The new Supra is completely redesigned, with a round body styling and featuring two new engines: the Toyota 2JZ-GE is naturally aspirated to produce 220 hp (164 kW, 223 PS) at 5,800 rpm and 210 lb ft (280 N) at 4,800 rpm torque and twin turbocharged Toyota 2JZ-GTE produces 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) and 318 lb? ft (431 N? m) torque for the Japanese version. The style, though modern, seems to borrow some elements from Toyota's first major touring sports car, the Toyota 2000GT. For the export model (America/Europe), Toyota increases Supra turbo engine (smaller, turbocharger steel wheel, larger fuel injector, etc.). This increases the power output to 320 hp (239 kW; 324 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 315 lb Ft (427 Nm) of torque at 4,000 rpm. After launch in 1993, it was the first Toyota-badged vehicle to include passenger airbags as a standard (US market only). (326 hp/325lbft for Europe)
The turbocharged variant can reach 0-60 mph in as low as 4.6 seconds and 1/4-mile (402 m) in 13.1 seconds at 109 mph (175 km/h). The turbo version is tested to reach over 285 km/h (177 mph), but the car is limited to just 180 km/h (112 mph) in Japan and 250 km/h (155 mph) elsewhere. The European version of the car also has an air intake or a spoon on the hood. The drag coefficient is 0.31 for the naturally aspirated and 0.32 models for the turbo model but not known with the rear spoiler.
Twin turbocher is operated in sequential mode, not parallel. Initially, all the exhausts were directed to the first turbine to reduce the lag. This results in an increase and increase in torque as early as 1,800 rpm, where it already produces 300 N lb ft (410Ã,® M) torque. At 3,500 rpm, some exhausts are directed to the second turbine for "pre-boost" mode, although no compressor output is used by the engine at this time. At 4,000 rpm, a second turbo output is used to add the first turbo output. Compared to parallel mode, sequential mode turbos provide faster, lower RPM responses and increase high RPM drives. This high RPM drive is also aided by the technology that was originally present in 7M-GE in the form of an Acoustic Control Induction System (ACIS) which is a way of managing air compression pulses in intake piping to increase power.
For this generation, Supra received the new six-speed Getrag/Toyota V160 gearbox on the turbo model while the naturally aspirated model was made with a five-speed manual W58 transmission, revised from the previous version. Each model is offered with a four-speed automatic with manual transfer mode. All vehicles are equipped with 5-spoke aluminum alloy wheels, naturally aspirated models have 16-inch wheels and 17-inch turbo models. The difference in wheel size is to accommodate larger brakes equipped as standard on turbo models, but in Japan there are optional additions. Both models have spare tire reserves on steel rim to save space and weight.
Toyota is taking steps to reduce the weight of this new model. Aluminum is used for hood, upper targa (when mounted), front crossmember, oil and transmission pans, and A-sleeve suspension top. Other measures include hollow carpet fiber, magnesium-alloy steering wheel, plastic gasoline tank and lid, gas injection rear spoiler, and single exhaust pipe. Despite having more features such as dual airbags, traction control, larger brakes, wheels, tires, and additional turbo, the car was at least  £ 200 (91 kg) lighter than its predecessor. The basic model with a manual transmission has a curb weight of 3,210  £ (1,460 kg). Roof Sport adds  £ 40 (18 kg) while the automatic transmission adds 55 pounds (25 kg). It has a weight distribution of 51:49 (front: back). The turbo model weighs 3,450 pounds (1,560 kg) with manual transmission while automatically adding 10 pounds (4.5 kg). The weight distribution is 53% ahead/47% behind. The Supra is heavier than the spartan Mazda RX-7 and all the Acura/Honda NSX aluminum, but lighter than the Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4.
For the 1996 model in the US, turbo models are only available with automatic transmission due to OBD-II certification requirements. The targa roof is also standard on all turbo models. For 1997, the manual transmission was back for an optional engine along with the redesign of tail lights, headlamps, front fascia, polishing wheels, and other minor changes like radio and steering wheel design. All 1997 models include a badge that shows "15th Anniversary of Limited Edition". All turbo models come standard with a rear spoiler. For 1998, the update was a 3-spoke steering wheel and a redesigned radio. In Japan, the turbo engine is fitted with VVT-i. The SZ-R model is also updated with the introduction of the six-speed Getrag V161 transmission, the same for the twin-turbo RZ model.
A80 Supra stock has also proven to be an effective platform for roadracing, with some of the top 20 and top 10 One Lap of America finishes in the SSGT1 class. In 1994, the A80 gained an outstanding skidpad rating of 0.95 lateral g (200Ã, ft) and 0.98 lateral g's (300Ã, ft). Supra also featured four-channel four-channel tracks tuned to ABS system with yaw control where each caliper is felt and the brakes are controlled individually according to the speed, angle, and pitch of the approaching angle. The unique Formula One inspired braking system allows Supra Turbo to record 70 mph (113 km/h) -0 braking with a distance of 149Ã, ft (45 m), the best braking performance of any production car tested in 1997 by Car and Driver. magazine. The record was finally broken in 2004 by Porsche Carrera GT, which did so at 145Ã, ft (44 m).
In the late 1990s, sales of all sporty coupes declined in North America, so Supra was withdrawn from the Canadian market in 1996 and the US in 1998. Turbo was not available in 1998 at the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Production continued in Japan until August 2002, stalled due to emission limitation standards.
Supra Diecast models have been made from various companies, with Hot Wheels offering a wide range of colors and finishes.
Future
Trend Motor has reported the possibility of Supra's successor may be based on the Toyota FT-HS (Future of Toyota-Hybrid Sport), which debuted at the 2007 North American International Auto Show. A Supra's successor can be powered by a 3.5-liter V-6 hybrid system that produces over 400 hp. Toyota says it is not in a hurry to substitute Supra but is waiting to see how sales and interests of GT86/FR-S are running.
In 2010, Toyota filed a trademark application to Supra's name. Trademark must be used within three years to be valid. In December 2011, Autoguide reported the possibility of replacing Supra who would sit on Toyota 86. Tetsuya Tada, chief engineer of Toyota 86/Scion FR-S told reporters in Germany "the president (Akio Toyoda) has asked me to make a Supra substitute as soon as possible. "
By the end of 2013, AutoBlog reports Supra's successor concept will come to the North American International Auto Show in January 2014. On January 13th, Toyota unveiled its new FT-1 concept car. Little is known about this new concept car; besides that it has a front engine and rear wheel layout. Toyota also stated their new concept car drew inspiration from past Toyota sports cars like the FT-HS 2000GT, Supra, MR-2 and 2007 concept cars. Toyota did not say whether the FT-1 would use the Supra name, or was it even bound to production. However, Toyota does say if FT-1 is approved from production to expect price tags to be around US $ 60,000 .
On February 10, 2014, Toyota submitted an application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office to renew the Supra trademark.
In June 2016, the trademark application for the Supra signage was filed with the EU Intellectual Property Office. According to Autocar , the new Supra is set to debut in 2018. This car will likely have a rear-wheel drive feature; a four-cylinder engine is expected to be available, and it has been confirmed that the car will offer an inline-6 ​​engine turbocharged. Believed that this machine will be supplied by BMW. Kleine Zeitung reported that the newly developed Supra will be produced at the Magna Steyr facility near Graz, Austria, along with BMW Z4 replacements. Although the name of the sports car has not been officially confirmed, Toyota's global engineer chief Tetsuya Tada says it is likely to carry Supra's nameplate, due to name recognition and historical significance.
GR Supra Racing Concept
GR Supra Racing Concept is a concept racing car featuring the fifth generation Supra racing version. It debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2018. The design is inspired from the 2014 FT-1 concept. It features low suspension with parts of Toyota OEM, BBS center-lock racing wheels, Brembo racing calipers, roll roll systems and full fire extinguishers, stripped interiors, Michelin track tires and exhaust out of the exhaust center. It also has carbon fiber for hood, splitter, diffuser, mirror cap, side skirt, wing and bumper. It is unknown what machine ignited this concept.
Motorsport
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Awards
- The A60, with its all-new design, quickly became a success in the US where it was awarded the Import Car of the Year by Trend Motor . It also makes a list of Ten Best for Car and Driver magazines, 1983 and 1984.
- In 1994, A80 Supra won the Popular Mechanics "Design & Engineering Award".
United States timeline
- 1979 - Celica Supra A40 is introduced with 2.563Ã, cc (2.563Ã, L; 156.4Ã, Â ° c) SOHC 4M-E I6 engine.
- 1981 - A40 engine displacement increases to 2,759 cc (2.759 L; 168.4 cuÃ, in) with SOHC 5M-E I6 engine.
- 1982 - A60 Celica Supra introduced with 2,759 cc (2,759 L, 168,4 cuÃ, in) DOHC 5M-GE I6 engine.
- 1986-1986.5 - The A70 Supra was introduced on its own platform with a 2.954Ã, cc (2,954Ã, L; 180,3Ã, Â ° C) DOHC 7M-GE I6 engine.
- 1987 - Turbocharger options up to 2,954Ã, cc (2,954Ã, Â °; 180,3Ã, Â ° C) in DOHC 7M-GTE engines generating 230Ã, hp (172Ã, kW) 245Ã,bb ft (332 Ã , Â ° m).
- 1989 - Reorganized. Turbo power increased to 232 hp (173 kW) & amp; 250 pounds (339 Â ° LU).
- 1993-1993.5 The A80 Supra was introduced with a 2.997Ã, cc (2,997Ã, L; 182.9Ã, cuÃ, in) turbo (2JZ-GTE) or non-turbo (2JZ-GE) DOHC engine.
- 1996 - Turbo is only available with automatic transmission due to OBD2 certification requirements. Targa roof standards on all turbo models.
- 1997 - Manual transmissions are available on turbo models. The adjustable front bumper and gray (not black) surround the lights. The headlights are fixed, now black on the inside with chrome rings (all previous chrome) and a clearer lens. All 1997 are labeled as the 15th Anniversary model. New gray dashboard panel to replace the previous black color. Japanese production stopped in September.
- 1998 - Little interior restyling. The 3-spoke steering wheel was introduced. The slightly updated design of the seat (the headrest is no longer separated) VVT-i on a non-turbo model that increases power. Turbos is not available in states that require California emissions.
- 1999 - Supra exports halted in the US, production in Japan continues.
- 2002 - A80 Supra stop production.
References
External links
- MKIV Supra UK Owners Club
- Toyota Supra (official US site)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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