The Missionaries of Charity is the Roman Catholic church (Latin Church) founded in 1950 by Mother Teresa, now known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta. In 2012 it consists of more than 4,500 religious nuns. Order members designate their affiliates using the order initials, "M.C." A member of the congregation must obey the vow of chastity, poverty, obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor." Today, the order consists of contemplative and active branches in several countries.
Missionaries care for those who include refugees, ex-prostitutes, mentally ill children, sick, abandoned children, lepers, people with AIDS, the elderly, and recovered. They have a school run by volunteers to educate street children and manage public kitchens and other services to suit the needs of the community. This service is provided, free of charge, to people regardless of their religion or social status.
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Histori
On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa and the small community formed by her former student were labeled as the Congregation of the Diocese of Calcutta, and thus received permission from the Vatican to exist as Church subjects. Their mission is to care (in Mother Teresa's words) "hungry, naked, homeless, paralyzed, blind, leper, everyone who feels unwanted, unloved, unnoticed in the whole society, people who have to burden the community and be shunned by everyone. "It started as a small community of 12 members in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and today has more than 4,500 Sisters who run orphanages, homes for those who have died of AIDS, charity centers around the world, and care for refugees, blind, disabled, aged, alcoholic, poor and homeless and flood victims, epidemics and famine in Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, Europe and Australia. They have 19 houses in Kolkata (Calcutta) alone which includes homes for women, orphans, and homes for the dying, and for those who have died of AIDS; schools for street children, and colonies of lepers.
In 1963, Brother Andrew (formerly Ian Travers-Ballan) set up Missionary Brothers of Charity in Australia along with Mother Teresa.
In 1965, by giving the Decision of Praise, Pope Paul VI granted Mother Teresa's wish to extend her congregation to other countries. The congregation began to grow rapidly, with new homes being opened around the world. The first houses of the congregation outside of India were in Venezuela, and others followed in Rome and Tanzania, and eventually in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, including Albania.
In 1979, the Brother's Contemplative branch was added and in 1984, a branch of the priest, the Missionaries of the Charity Fathers, was founded by Mother Teresa and Father. Joseph Langford, combines the call of the Missionaries of Charity with the Ministerial Priesthood. Like the Sisters, the Fathers live with a very simple lifestyle without television, radio or leisure goods. They do not smoke or drink alcohol and ask for their food. They make visits to their families every five years but do not take an annual holiday. Catholics and non-Catholics form the Co-Workers of Mother Teresa, the Sick and Suffering Co-Workers, and the Lay Missionaries of Charity.
The first house of Missionaries of Charity in the United States was founded in the South Bronx, New York. In the US, the Missionaries of Charity are affiliated with the Supreme Leader Council of Religious Women, a women's religious body, representing 20% ​​of American nuns. They are identified by wearing religious habits, and loyalty to the teaching of the church. In 1996, the organization operated 517 missions in over 100 countries.
In 1990, Mother Teresa was asked to resign as head of the Missionary, but was soon re-elected as General Superior. On March 13, 1997, six months before Mother Teresa's death, Sister Mary Nirmala Joshi was elected as the new General Superior of the Missionaries of Charity. Sister Mary Prema was elected to succeed Sister Nirmala during the general chapter held in Kolkata in April 2009.
Violence against missionaries
In July 1998 in Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, three Missionaries of Charity, two Indians and a Filipino, were shot and killed when they left the hospital.
In March 2016 in Aden, Yemen, sixteen people were shot and killed in a house for parents operated by the Missionaries of Charity. Among the dead were four sisters of missionaries: Sister Marguerite and Reginette from Rwanda, Sister Anselmus from India and Sister Judit from Kenya. According to Bishop Paul Hinder of the South Arab Apostolic Vicariate, their superiors fled from danger by hiding. Bishop Hinder described the attack as "religious motivation". A Sirian-Malabar Salesian minister who lives in the facility, Father. Tom Uzhunnalil from Bangalore, India, was captured by the attackers.
On Good Friday, March 25, 2016, several media reported that Fr. Uzhunnalil was crucified by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. However, Bishop Hinder indicated he had a strong indication that the priest was still alive and still being held by his captors. In early September 2017 Fr. Uzhunnalil was rescued after 18 months in captivity, and first sent to the Vatican to meet with Pope Francis.
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It takes nine years to become a complete Missionary of Charity. An initial short-term "come-and-see" period is available. Those who are considered possible candidates by the Congregation may enter Aspirancy, focusing on learning English (which is a community language) for those who are not from English-speaking countries and religious studies. This was followed by Postulants (introduction into Bible study, Constitution Society, Church history, and theology). If found fit, they enter Novitiate, the beginning of religious life. Students wear white cotton habits with belts, and white saris without three blue lines. In the first year (called canonical), they do more religious lessons and learn about life as Missionary of Charity, the second year focuses more on practical training for mission life. After two years, they took a temporary oath for a year, which is renewed annually, for five years in total. They also received a blue-striped sari from the Congregation, and a metal cross. In the sixth year, they travel to Rome, Kolkata or Washington D.C. for "Tertianship", further religious studies, at the end of them making their last profession.
Material stuff
Some of the sisters include: three saris (one for wear, one for washing, one for repair), two or three cotton habits, a corset, a pair of sandals, a cross, and a rosary. They also have plates, a set of cutlery, cloth napkins, canvas bags, and prayer books. In cold countries, nuns may have cardigans and other items appropriate to the local climate such as coats, scarves, and closed shoes.
Criticism
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