United States Marine Corps

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The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ), also referred to as United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting operations amphibians with the United States Navy. U.S. Marine Corps is one of four armed service branches in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and one of seven uniformed services from the United States.

The Marine Corps has been part of the US Navy Department since 30 June 1834, working closely with the navy. USMC operates installations on land and sea amphibious ships around the world. In addition, several marine tactical flight squadrons, notably the Naval Attack squadron, are also embedded in the Air Force's airline's naval wings and operate from aircraft carriers.

The history of the Marine Corps began when two Continental Marines battalions were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a branch of infantry service capable of fighting both on the sea and on the coast. In the Pacific theater World War II Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare, advancing from island to island. By 2017, the USMC has about 186,000 active members and 38,500 reserve Marines. This is the smallest US military service in DoD.

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Missions

As outlined in 10 U.S.C.Ãƒ, 5063 and as originally introduced under the National Security Act of 1947, the three areas of primary responsibility for the Marine Corps are:

Seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and other ground operations to support naval campaigns;
Development of tactics, techniques and equipment used by amphibious landing troops in coordination with the Army and Air Force; and
Other tasks such as the President or Department of Defense may lead.

This last clause came from the same language in the act of Congress "For Better Marine Corps Organization" in 1834, and "Established and Organized the Marine Corps" in 1798. In the year 1951, the Armed Services Committee of the House of Representatives called the clause "one of the most important functions - and traditional - traditional Marine Corps." He notes that the Corps more frequently undertook non-naval actions, including its notable acts in Tripoli, the War of 1812, Chapultepec, and many counter-insurgency and job duties (such as in Central America), World War I, and the Korean War. While these actions are not accurately described as support for naval campaigns or as amphibious warfare, their common thread is that they are expeditions, using Navy mobility to provide timely intervention in foreign affairs of American interests.

The Marine Band, dubbed "Own President" by Thomas Jefferson, provides music for the state function at the White House. Marines from Ceremonial Company A & amp; B, lined up in the Marines Barracks, Washington, DC, guarding the presidential retreat, including Camp David, and Marines from the HMX-1 Executive Flight Detachment providing helicopter transport to the President and Vice President, with radio call signals "Marine One" and " Marine Two ", respectively. The Executive Flight Detachment also provides helicopter transport to other Cabinet and VIP members. With the authority of the 1946 Foreign Service Act, the Marine Security Guard of the Marine Security Command provides security for US embassies, embassies and consulates in over 140 posts worldwide. The relationship between the State Department and the US Marine Corps is almost as old as the corps itself. For over 200 years, the Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, the power of alert and discipline was needed to protect US embassies, consulates, and embassies around the world. In 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of Defense provide Marine Corps personnel for the duties of the Foreign Service guards under the terms of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. An official Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of the Navy. on December 15, 1948, and 83 Marines were deployed to foreign missions. During the first year of the MSG program, 36 detachments were deployed worldwide.

Historical Mission

The Marine Corps was established to serve as an infantry unit on naval vessels and was responsible for the safety of the ship and its crew by conducting offensive and defensive attacks during the ascendancy and defending the ship's officers from the insurgency; to the very end, their abode on board was often strategically positioned among officers and the rest of the ship. The Continental Marines are a group of invaders, both at sea and on land. The first American amphibious landing took place at the beginning of the Revolutionary War on March 3, 1776, when the Marines controlled Fort Montague and Fort Nassau, British ammunition depots and naval harbors in New Providence, Bahamas. The role of the Marine Corps has grown significantly since then; because of the importance of its original naval mission declining by altering the doctrine of naval warfare and the professionalization of naval services, the Corps adapted by focusing on previous missions on land. The Basic Doctrine Continued from the early 20th century codified their combat duty on land, outlining the use of Marines in the seizure of bases and other tasks on land to support the naval campaign.

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Marine detachments served on Navy cruisers, warships and aircraft carriers. The marine detachment served in their traditional duties as the landing force of the ship, keeping an eye on ship guns and providing ship safety. The marine detachment was added by members of the ship company to the landing parties, as in First First Expedition of 1832, and continued in the Caribbean and Mexico campaigns in the early 20th century. The Marines will develop amphibious assault tactics and techniques on the coastline that are retained in time for use in World War II. During World War II, the Marines continued to serve in the capital vessels. They are often assigned to human anti-aircraft batteries. When gun cruisers retired in the 1960s, the rest of the Marines' detachments were only seen on warships and aircraft carriers. The mission initially provided ship safety finally ended in the 1990s.

Ability

The Marine Corps runs a critical military role as an amphibious war troop. It is capable of asymmetrical warfare with conventional, irregular, and hybrid forces.

While the Marine Corps does not use its unique capabilities, it can quickly deploy a weapons-combined task force to virtually anywhere in the world in a few days. The basic structure for all units used is the Air Force Task Force (MAGTF) â€‹â€‹Ã¢ â‚¬ <Ã¢ â‚¬

The close integration of different Marines comes from an infantry-centered organizational culture. Every other Marines ability is there to support infantry. Unlike some Western armies, the Corps remains conservative against a theory that states the ability of new weapons to win the war independently. For example, Navy flights have always focused on close air support and remain largely unaffected by the aerial power theory that declares that strategic bombing can win the war on its own.

This focus on the infantry matches the doctrine of "Every Marine is a sniper", the focus of Commander Alfred M. Gray, Jr., which emphasizes the combat capabilities of each Marines infantry. All Marines, regardless of military specialties, received training as an armed man; and all officers received additional training as commander of the infantry platoon. For example, on Wake Island, when all Marine planes are destroyed, the pilot continues the battle as a field officer, leading the clerk and chef in the final defense effort. Flexibility of execution is carried out through an emphasis on "commander's intent" as the guiding principle for executing orders; determine the final state but let open the execution method.

The amphibious attack techniques developed for World War II evolved, with the addition of air raids and doctrine warfare maneuvers, into the "power projection doctrine" Operational Maneuvers of the Sea Operation Maneuver from the Ocean. Marines are credited with developing the doctrine of helicopter insertion and the earliest in the American military to widely adopt the principle of war-maneuver, which emphasizes low-level initiatives and flexible execution. Given the recent warfare that has deviated from the traditional mission of the Corps, it has renewed its emphasis on amphibious abilities.

The Marine Corps relies on the Navy for sealing to provide its fast spreading capabilities. In addition to basing a third of the Naval Fleet in Japan, Marine Expeditionary Units (MEUs) are usually placed at sea so that they can serve as first responders to international incidents. To assist rapid deployment, the Maritime Pre-Positioning System was developed: a fleet of container ships positioned worldwide with equipment and sufficient supplies for the Expeditionary Navy to deploy for 30 days.

USMC plans to reduce logistics requirements and by 2025 eliminate all use of liquid fuels for Navy Expeditions, except for highly efficient vehicles.

Doctrine

Two small manuals published during the 1930s will shape the USMC doctrine in two areas. The Small Wars Manual laid the framework for a Marine counter-insurgency operation from Vietnam to Iraq and Afghanistan while the Provisional Landing Operation Manual established a doctrine for World War II amphibious operations. " Operational Maneuver from the Sea " is the doctrine of power projection current.

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History

Origins

The United States Marine Corps traces its roots to the Continental Marines of the American Revolutionary War, formed by Captain Samuel Nicholas by the Second Continental Congress resolution on November 10, 1775, to appoint two Marine battalions. The date was considered and commemorated as the anniversary date of the Marine Corps. At the end of the American Revolution, both the Continental Navy and Continental Marines were dissolved in April 1783. The institution itself would not be raised until July 11, 1798. At that time, in preparation for Quasi-War with France, Congress created the United States Marine Corps. The Marines were enlisted by the War Department in early August 1797 for service in the newly-built frigate passed by the Congress "Act to provide naval arsenal" March 18, 1794, which sets the number of Marines to recruit for each frigate.

The most famous act of Marines of this period occurred during the First Barbarian War (1801-1805) against the Barbary pirates, when William Eaton and First Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon led eight marines and 500 mercenaries in an attempt to capture Tripoli. Although they only reached Derna, the action in Tripoli has been immortalized in the Marines hymns and Mameluke swords carried by the Marines.

During the War of 1812, Marine detachments on Navy ships took part in some of the major frigate duel that characterizes war, which is the first and final battle of the conflict. Their most significant contribution, however, was holding the center of General Jackson's line of defense at the Battle of New Orleans, the last major battle and one of the most biased war involvement. With the widespread news of the battle and capture of HMS Cyane , HMS Levant and HMS Penguin , the last engagement between British and American troops, the Marines have gained a reputation as excellent shooters, especially in defensive and ship-to-ship action.

After the war, the Marine Corps fell into a lethargy that ended with the appointment of Archibald Henderson as the fifth Commander in 1820. Under his tenure, the Corps took the task of expeditions in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Key West, West Africa, the Falkland Islands and Sumatra. Commander Henderson is credited with thwarting the efforts of President Jackson to merge and integrate the Marine Corps with the Army. In contrast, Congress passed the Act for a Better Marine Corps Organization in 1834, which stipulated that the Corps was part of the Navy Department as a sister service to the Navy. This will be the first time many times that the independent existence of the Corps is challenged.

Commander Henderson relinquished the Marines to serve in Seminole Wars 1835, personally leading nearly half of the entire Corps (two battalions) to battle. A decade later, in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), the Marines carried out their famous attack at the Chapultepec Palace in Mexico City, which would later be celebrated as the "Halls of Montezuma" in the Marines hymns. In the 1850s, the Marines will see further service in Panama and Asia, attached to the Indian East Souladron Matthew Perry on his historic journey to the Far East.

The Marine Corps played a minor role in the Civil War (1861-1865); their most prominent task is the task of blockade. As more and more countries break away from the Union, about a third of the Corps officers leave the United States to join the Confederates and form the Confederate State Marines, which ultimately play a small part in the war. The recruiting battalions formed for First Run (First Manassas) performed poorly, withdrawing with other Union forces. Blockade duties include marine amphibious operations to secure the front bases. In late November 1861, Marines and sailors landed ongoing reconnaissance from the USSÃƒ, Flag in Tybee Island, Georgia, to occupy the Lighthouse and Martello Tower on the north end of the island. This would later become an Army base for the bombing of Fort Pulaski.

American Civil War to World War I

The rest of the 19th century is marked by a decline in strength and introspection about the missions of the Marine Corps. The naval transition from sailing to steam questions the need for Marines on naval vessels. Meanwhile, the Marines serve as a convenient resource for intervention and landings to protect American interests abroad. The Corps was involved in more than 28 separate interventions in the 30 years since the end of the American Civil War until the late 19th century. They will be called to stem political unrest and labor in the United States. Under the command of Commander Jacob Zeilin, the customs and traditions of the Sea began to form: the Corps adopted the Marine Corps symbol on 19 November 1868. It was then that the "Marine Hymne" was first heard. Around 1883, the Marines adopted their current motto "Semper Fidelis " ( Always Loyal ).

John Philip Sousa, a musician and composer, was registered as a navy apprentice at the age of 13, serving from 1867 to 1872, and again from 1880 to 1892 as leader of the Marine Band. During the Spanish-American War (1898), the Marines led American forces on the mainland of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. At GuantÃƒÆ'Ã‚Â¡namo Bay, Cuba, the Marines confiscate sophisticated naval bases that are still in use today. Between 1899 and 1916, the Corps continued to record participation in foreign expeditions, including the Philippine-American War, Boxer Rebellion in China (1899-1901), Panama, Cuban Pacifism, Moroccan Events, Veracruz, Santo Domingo, and Banana Wars in Haiti Nicaragua; experiences gained in counter-insurgency and guerrilla operations during this period are consolidated into the Small Wars Manual .

World War I

During World War I the Marines served as part of the American Expeditionary Forces under General Pershing when America entered into war on April 6, 1917. The Marine Corps had a large number of officers and NCOs with experience of combat, and underwent great expansion. During the war, the Marines, fought on the Western Front in France, fought in battle at Belleau Wood in mid-1918. Although Marines and American media reported that Germany had called them Teufel Hunden as the "Devil Dog", because their reputation as a surprise and shooter at a distance of up to 900 meters, there is no evidence of this in the German Records (such as Teufelshunde will be an appropriate German phrase). Nevertheless, the name was stuck.

The US Marine Corps entered the war with 511 officers and 13,214 enlisted personnel, and on 11 November 1918 it had reached the strength of 2,400 officers and 70,000 registered people. African-Americans were completely expelled from the Marine Corps during this conflict. Opha May Johnson was the first woman registered in the Marines; he joined the Marine Corps Reserve in 1918 during World War I, officially becoming the first female Marines. From then until the end of World War I, 305 women were registered in the Corps.

Between World War, the Marine Corps was led by Commander John A. Lejeune, and under his leadership, the Corps studied and developed amphibious techniques that would be of great use in World War II. Many officers, including Lieutenant Colonel Earl Hancock "Pete" Ellis, predicted war in the Pacific with Japan and made preparations for such conflicts. Through 1941, when the prospect of war grew, the Corps urged immediate amphibious exercises along with the Army and purchased amphibious equipment that would prove to be very useful in future conflicts.

World War II

In World War II, the Marines played a central role in the Pacific War, along with the US Army. The Battle of Guadalcanal, Bougainville, Tarawa, Guam, Tinian, Cape Gloucester, Saipan, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa witnessed a fierce battle between the Marines and the Imperial Japanese Army.

The Battle of Iwo Jima, which began on 19 February 1945, is arguably the most famous Marine involvement of the war. The Japanese have learned from their defeats in the Marianas Campaign and set up many enriched positions on the island including pill boxes and underground tunnel networks. Japan fought fierce resistance, but American troops reached the summit of Mount Suribachi on February 23. The mission was filled with huge losses of 26,000 American casualties and 22,000 Japanese.

Marines play a relatively small role in European theater. Nonetheless, they continue to provide security detachment to the US embassy, â€‹â€‹and the ship, contributing personnel to small teams, ops specifically to the Nazi-occupied Europe as part of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS, predecessor to the CIA) mission, and acts as staff planner , and coach for US Army amphibious operations, including the Normandy landings.

At the end of the war, the Corps evolved from two brigades to six divisions, five air wings, and support troops, totaling approximately 485,000 Marines. In addition, 20 defense battalions and one parachute battalion were raised. Nearly 87,000 Marines were victims during World War II (including nearly 20,000 people killed), and 82 were awarded the Medal of Honor.

In 1942, the Navy Seabees were created with the Marine Corps providing their military organization and training. Many Seabee units issue USMC standard issues and re-designated "Marine". Although the Corps gave them military organizations, military training, uniforms and redesigned their units, the Seabees remained the Navy. USMC historian Gordon L. Rottmann writes that one of the "Navy's greatest contributions to the Marine Corps during World War II was the creation of the Seabees."

Although the Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal's prediction that the raising of the Marines flag in Iwo Jima means "Marine Corps for the next five hundred years", the Corps faced an institutional crisis soon after the war because of the suddenly shrinking budget. Army generals pushing for reinforced and reorganized defenses to try to fold Navy missions and assets into the Navy and the Army. Drawing with hasty Congressional support, and with the help of the so-called "Revolt of the Admirals", the Marine Corps rejected such attempts to dismantle the Corps, which resulted in the legal protection of the Marine Corps in the National Security Act of 1947. Shortly after In 1952, the Douglas-Mansfield Act gave the Commander an equal voice to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters relating to the Marines and formed the structure of three active divisions and air wings that have remained to this day.

Korean War

The Korean War (1950-1953) saw a Temporary Brigade rushing to form a line of defense in Pusan â€‹â€‹Perimeter. To implement flanking maneuvers, General Douglas MacArthur called on UN troops, including US Marines, to make amphibious landing in Inchon. A successful landing led to the collapse of the North Korean line and the chase of North Korean troops near the Yalu River until the entrance of the People's Republic of China into war. Chinese troops surrounded, shocked and overwhelmed by too many American troops and lost. The US Army X Corps, which included the 1st Marine Division and the 7th Infantry Division of the Army, regrouped and inflicted heavy casualties during their battle back to shore, now known as the Chosin Reservoir Battle.

Fierce fighting after the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir, but late March 1953 relative quiet war broke out when the People's Liberation Army launched a massive assault on three outposts manned by the 5th Marine Regiment. These posts are codenamed "Reno", "Vegas", and "Carson". The campaign is collectively known as the Nevada City Campaign. There was a brutal battle on the hill of Reno, finally caught by China. Despite Reno missing, the 5th Marines held Vegas and Carson through the rest of the campaign. In this one campaign, the Marines suffered about 1,000 casualties, and may have suffered far more without the US Army's Key Force Faith. The Marines will continue the battle of attrition around 38th Parallel until 1951 truce.

The Korean War saw the Corps grow from 75,000 regular customers to a strength of 261,000 Marines, mostly reservists. 30,544 Marines killed or wounded during the war and 42 were awarded the Medal of Honor.

Vietnam War

The Marine Corps served in the Vietnam War took part in battles such as the Battle of Hue and the Battle of Khe Sanh in 1968. People from USMC generally operate in North I Corps Region of South Vietnam. While there, they continue to engage in guerrilla warfare against Viet Cong, along with intermittent conventional wars against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). Parts of the Corps are responsible for the lesser-known Joint Action Program that applies unconventional techniques to counter insurgency and work as military advisor to the Vietnam Marine Corps. The Marines were withdrawn in 1971, and returned briefly in 1975 to evacuate Saigon and attempt to rescue the MayagÃƒÆ'Ã‚Â¼ez crew.

Vietnam is the longest war for the Marines; in the end, 13,091 have been killed in action, 51,392 wounded, and 57 Medal of Honor have been given. Due to a policy on rotation, more Marines were deployed for service during Vietnam than World War II.

When recovering from Vietnam, the Corps hit an adverse low point in its service history caused by partially-partially-imposed military-and-non-judicial-court tribunals to increase unlawful and desertion during the war. Corps reform began in the late 1970s, dismissed the most mischievous, and as new recruiting qualities improved, the Corps focused on reforming the NCO Corps, a vital functioning part of its troops.

Interim: Vietnam War with War on Terror

After the Vietnam War, the US Marines continued their expeditionary role, participating in the failed rescue effort of the 1980 Iranian hostage Operation Eagle Claw, the Grenada invasion (Operation Urgent Fury) and the Panama invasion (Operation Just Cause). On October 23, 1983, marine headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, were bombed, causing the highest peacetime loss for the Corps in its history (220 Marines and 21 other service members were killed) and causing American withdrawal from the country. The 1990s saw the Marines from the Joint Task Force Edge Saving thousands of lives by evacuating Britons, French and Americans from Liberian Civil War violence.

During the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991, a Marine task force was formed for Operation Desert Shield, and then liberated Kuwait, along with Coalition forces, in Operation Desert Storm. Marines participated in combat operations in Somalia (1992-1995) during Operation Restore Hope, Restore Hope II, and United Shield to provide humanitarian assistance. In 1997, the Marines took part in Operation Silver Wake, an evacuation of Americans from the US Embassy in Tirana, Albania.

Global War on Terrorism

Following the September 11, 2001, attack, President George W. Bush declared a Global War on Terrorism. The stated goal of Global War on Terror is "the defeat of Al-Qaeda, other terrorist groups and countries that support or perpetuate terrorists." Since then, the Marine Corps, along with other military services, have been involved in global operations around the world to support the mission.

In the spring of 2009, President Barack Obama's goal of reducing spending on the Defense Department was led by Secretary Robert Gates in a series of budget cuts that did not significantly alter the Corps' budget and programs, cutting only Kestrel VH-71 and rearranging the VXX program. However, the National Commission for Fiscal Responsibility and Reform chose the Corps to endure a series of recommended cuts by the end of 2010. Given the budget binding in 2013, General Amos set a goal of 174,000 Marines. He testified that this was the minimum amount that would allow an effective response even for one contingency operation, but would reduce the time-honored ratio at home base to time down to a historically low level.

Afghan Campaign (Operation Enduring Freedom-Afghanistan)

Marines and other American troops began staging in Pakistan and Uzbekistan on the Afghan border in early October 2001 in preparation for Operation Enduring Freedom. The 15th and 26th Marine Expeditionary Units were some of the first conventional troops to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom in November 2001. Since then, the Marine battalions and squadrons have spun through, involving Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces. Marines from the 24th Marine Expedition Unit flooded the Taliban-controlled Garmsir town on April 29, 2008, in Helmand Province, in the first major US operation in the region for years. In June 2009, 7,000 Marines with the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade were deployed to Afghanistan in an effort to improve security, and began Operation Sword Strikes the following month. In February 2010, the 2nd Marine Expedition Brigades launched the biggest offensive of the Afghan Campaign since 2001, the Battle of Marjah, to clear the Taliban from their key camp in Helmand Province. After Marjah, the Marines marched north over the Helmand River and cleared the towns of Kajahki and Sangin. The Marines remain in Helmand Province until 2014.

Iraqi Campaign (Operation Iraqi Freedom, New Dawn Operation, Operation Resolve Inherent)

US Marines are on duty at Operation Iraqi Freedom, along with his brother's service. The I Marine Expeditionary Force, along with the US Army's 3rd Infantry Division, spearheaded the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The Marines left Iraq in the summer of 2003, but returned in early 2004. They were given responsibility for Al Anbar Province, big west of Baghdad. During this occupation, the Marines led attacks in the city of Fallujah in April (Operation Vigilant Resolve) and November 2004 (Operation Phantom Fury) and saw fierce fighting in places like Ramadi, Al-Qa'im and H? Q. Their time in Iraq has invited controversy with the killing of Haditha and the Hamdania incident. Anbar's resurgence and the 2007 surge reduced the level of violence. On March 1, 2009, at Camp Lejeune, President Obama announced an accelerated withdrawal, promising all troops out in August 2010. The Marine Corps officially ended its role in Iraq on 23 January 2010 when they handed responsibility for Al Anbar Province to the United States. Army. The US Marines will eventually return to Iraq in the summer of 2014, in response to the escalating violence there.

Operation Horn of Africa

During the Global War on Terrorism, US Marines have supported operations in Africa against Islamic extremism and piracy in the Red Sea. At the end of 2002, the Combined Task Force - Horn of Africa stood at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti to provide regional security. Despite transferring the overall command to the Navy in 2006, the Marines continued to operate in the Horn of Africa into 2007.

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Organization

Department of the Navy

The Navy Department, headed by the Secretary of the Navy, is a military department of the US Department of Defense that oversees the Marine and Navy Corps. The most senior Marine Officer is the Commander (unless a Marine officer is the Chairman of the Joint Chief or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chief), is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy to arrange, recruit, train and equip the Marine Corps so that his troops are ready to be placed under the command of the Combatant Commander's operations. The Marine Corps is organized into four main subdivisions: Marine Corps Headquarters (HQMC), Operations Forces, Support Establishments, and Naval Reserves (MARFORRES or USMCR).

Marine Corps Headquarters (HQMC)

The Marine Corps headquarters consist of Marine Corps Commanders, Marine Corps Assistant Commanders, Staff Corps of the Navy Director, some Deputy Commander, Marine Corps Major Sergeant, and various special staff officers and heads of Marine Corps who report directly to Commander or Assistant Commander. HQMC is supported by Headquarters and Service Battalions, USMC provides administrative, supply, logistical, training, and service support to the Commander and his staff.

Force Operation

Operation troops are divided into three categories: Marine Corps Force (MARFOR) assigned to integrated combat orders, namely, Naval Fleet (FMF), Security Force guarding high-risk naval installations and Security Guard detachment at American embassies. Under the memo "Forces for Integrated Order", in accordance with the Integrated Command Plan approved by the President, the Marine Corps Force is assigned to each Combatant Command at the discretion of the Minister of Defense. Since 1991, the Marine Corps has maintained a component headquarters in every united regional joint command.

The Marine Corps troops were divided into Task Force Command (MARFORCOM) and Pacific Command (MARFORPAC), each headed by a double-headed Lieutenant General commander as FMF Atlantic (FMFLANT) or FMF Pacific (FMFPAC) respectively. MARFORCOM/FMFLANT has operational control of the Navy Expeditionary II; MARFORPAC/FMFPAC has operational control of Sea Expedition Force I and Navy Expedition III.

Sea Air Force Task Force (MAGTF) â€‹â€‹Ã¢ â‚¬ <Ã¢ â‚¬ <

The basic framework for a Marine unit that can be used is the Air Force Task Force (MAGTF), flexible structures of varying sizes. A MAGTF integrates ground combat elements (GCE), combat flight elements (ACE), and logistic combat elements (LCE) under a joint command element (CE), capable of operating independently or as part of a larger coalition. The MAGTF structure reflects a strong preference in the Corps towards self-sufficiency and commitment to combined weapons, both important assets for expedition forces. The Marine Corps has vigilance and distrust in the service of its sister, and towards joint operations in general.

Founder Support

Establishment of Supporters includes Command for Combat Development, Logistics Command, System Command, Recruitment Command, Installation Order, Marine Band, and Marine Drum and Bugle Corps.

Marine Corps base and base

The Marine Corps operates many major bases, 14 of which operate operating troops, some support and training installations, and satellite facilities. The Marine Corps headquarters are concentrated around the location of the Marine Expeditionary Force, although reserve units are scattered throughout the United States. Its main base is Camp Pendleton on the West Coast, home to MEF; Camp Lejeune on the East Coast, home to II MEF; and Camp Butler in Okinawa, Japan, home to III MEF.

Other important bases include air stations, recruitment depots, logistics bases, and training commands. Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center The Twentynine Palms in California is the largest Marine Corps base and home to the most complex, combined-weapon, and alive Corps training. The Quantico Marine Corps Base in Virginia is home to the Marine Corps Combat Development Command, and is nicknamed the "Marine Corps Crossing".

The Marine Corps maintain a significant presence in the National Capital Territory, with Marine Corps Headquarters spread among the Pentagon, Henderson Hall, Washington Navy Yard, and Marine Barracks, Washington, DC In addition, the Marines operate detachments in many installations owned by other branches , to share better resources, such as special schools. The Marines were also present at, and operated numerous, front bases during the expedition operation.