Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards , (September 27, 1925 - April 10, 2013) is a British physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in particular. Together with the Patrick Steptoe surgeon, Edwards successfully pioneered the conception through IVF, which led to the birth of Louise Brown on July 25, 1978. They established the first IVF program for infertile patients and trained other scientists in their technique.. Edwards was the chief editor of Human Reproduction in 1986. In 2010, Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of in-vitro fertilization".
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Edwards was born in Batley, Yorkshire, and studied at Manchester High School at Whitworth Street in central Manchester, after which he served in the British Army, and then completed his bachelor's studies in biology, graduating with an Ordinary degree at Bangor University. He studied at the Institute of Animal Genetics and Embryology at the University of Edinburgh, where he was awarded a PhD in 1955.
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Careers and research
After a year as a postdoctoral researcher at the California Institute of Technology, he joined the scientific staff of the National Institute of Medical Research at Mill Hill. After one year at Glasgow University, in 1963 he moved to Cambridge University as a Partner of the Ford Foundation Researcher in the Department of Physiology, and a member of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was appointed Reader in physiology in 1969.
Human Fertilization
Around 1960 Edwards began studying human fertilization, and he continued his work at Cambridge, laying the groundwork for his success later. In 1968 he was able to achieve the fertilization of human eggs in the laboratory and began collaborating with Patrick Steptoe, a gynecology surgeon from Oldham. Edwards developed a human culture medium to enable early embryo fertilization and culture, while Steptoe used laparoscopy to restore ovaries from patients with tubal infertility. Their efforts face significant hostilities and disagreements, including the refusal of the Medical Research Council to finance their research and a number of lawsuits. Additional historical information in this controversial era in the development of IVF has been published. Roger Gosden was one of his first graduate students.
The birth of Louise Brown, the world's first 'baby tube', at 11: 47Ã, pm on 25 July 1978 at Oldham General Hospital made a medical history: in vitro fertilization means way new to help infertile couples who previously had no chance of having a baby.
The narrowing in technology has increased the rate of pregnancy and it is estimated that in 2010 around 4 million children were born by IVF, with approximately 170,000 coming from oocytes and donated embryos. Their breakthrough laid the groundwork for further innovations such as intracitoplasmatic ICSI injection, embryonic biopsy (PGD), and stem cell research.
Edwards and Steptoe set up the Bourn Hall Clinic as a place to advance their work and train new specialists. Steptoe died in 1988. Edwards continued his career as a scientist and editor of medical journals.
Awards and awards
Edwards received many awards and awards including:
- Edwards was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1984.
- In 1994, Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Valencia (Spain).
- In 2001, he was awarded the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award by the Lasker Foundation "for the development of in-vitro fertilization, technological advances that have revolutionized the treatment of human infertility."
- In 2007, he was ranked 26th on The Daily Telegraph's list of the 100 greatest geniuses of life.
- In 2007, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Huddersfield.
- On October 4, 2010, it was announced that Edwards had been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of in-vitro fertilization. The Nobel Committee praised it for promoting infertility treatment and noted that IVF babies have the same health status as other infants. GÃÆ'¶ran K. Hansson, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, announced the news. The first child of IVF Louise Brown described the award as "fantastic news". A Vatican official condemned the move as "completely broken". As mentioned by Simon Fishel "In December 2010, at a Nobel laureate ceremony filled with sadness in Bob's absence, these precious words were pronounced," In the absence of a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, I ask Professor Edwards' wife and colleagues scientific research, Dr. Ruth Fowler Edwards, to come forward and receive his Prize from the hands of His Royal Highness ''. "
- Edwards earned honors in 2011 for human reproductive biology services.
- Edwards is featured on BBC Radio 4 series The New Elizabethans to mark the Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II diamonds in 2012. A panel of 7 academics, journalists and historians named her among a group of people in England "who his actions during the reign of Elizabeth II had a significant impact on life on these islands and given the age of his character ".
Personal life
Edwards married Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930-2013), also a scientist with significant work, the grandson of 1908 Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford and daughter of physicist Ralph Fowler, in 1956. The couple has 5 daughters and 12 grandchildren.
Death
Edwards died at home near Cambridge, England on April 10, 2013 after a long lung disease. A spokesman for Cambridge University said "She will be sorely missed by family, friends and colleagues." The Guardian reported that, on Edwards's death, over four million births were from IVF. Louise Brown said, "His work, along with Patrick Steptoe, has brought happiness and joy to millions around the world by allowing them to have children." According to the BBC, his work is motivated by his belief that "the most important thing in life is to have children."
A plaque was inaugurated at Bourn Hall Clinic in July 2013 by Louise Brown and Alastair MacDonald - the world's first IVF baby boy - commemorate Steptoe and Edwards.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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