The automotive navigation system is part of the car's control or third-party add-ons used to find in-car directions. It usually uses a satellite navigation device to get position data which then correlates with the position on the road. When the required direction of routing can be calculated. Traffic fly information can be used to adjust the route.
Death calculations using distance data from sensors attached to drivetrain, gyroscopes and accelerometers can be used for greater reliability, because loss of GPS and/or multipath signals can occur due to urban canyons or tunnels.
Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the shortest path problem, in graph theory, which examines how to identify paths that best meet some of the criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network.
Video Automotive navigation system
History
The automotive navigation system represents the convergence of a number of diverse technologies that are widely available over the years, but are too expensive or inaccessible. Limitations such as battery, display, and processing power must be addressed before the product becomes commercially viable.
- 1961: Hidetsugu Yagi designed a wireless based navigation system. The design is still primitive and intended for military use. 1966: General Motors Research (GMR) works on navigation systems and non-satellite based assistance called DAIR (Driver Assistance, Information & Routing). After the initial test, GM found that it was not a scalable or practical way to provide navigational assistance. However, a few decades later, the concept will be reborn as OnStar (founded 1996).
- 1973: Japan's International Trade and Industry Ministry (MITI) and Fuji Heavy Industries sponsor CATC (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control), a Japanese research project on car navigation systems.
- 1979: MITI established JSK (Association of Electronic Technology for Traffic and Driving Cars) in Japan.
- 1980: Automatic Electronic Compass with new mechanism on Toyota Crown.
- 1981: CATC's initial research leads to the first generation of car navigation systems from Japanese companies Honda, Nissan, and Toyota. They use dead reckoning technology.
- 1981: Electro Gyro-Cator Honda is the first commercially available car navigation system. This used inertial navigation system, which tracked the distance traveled, starting point, and direction toward. It was also the first with a map view.
- 1981: Computer navigation at Toyota Celica (NAVICOM).
- 1983: Etak was established. It creates an initial system that uses map matching to improve the calculation of dead instrumentation. Digital map information is stored on standard cassettes.
- 1987: Toyota introduces the world's first CD-ROM-based navigation system at Toyota Crown.
- 1990: Mazda Eunos Cosmo becomes the first car with an in-built GPS navigation system
- 1991: Toyota introduces GPS car navigation at Toyota Soarer.
- 1991: Mitsubishi introduces GPS car navigation in Mitsubishi Debonair (MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System).
- 1992: GPS navigation system with voice assistance at Toyota Celsior.
- 1993: Austria's ORF channel broadcasts presentations from bitMAP software companies and chief discovery Werner Liebig, an electronic city map including street names and home numbers, using satellite-based navigation systems. bitMAP attended Comdex in Las Vegas that same year, but did not manage to market itself properly.
- 1994: BMW 7 series E38, the first European model featuring GPS navigation. The navigation system was developed in collaboration with Philips (Philips CARIN).
- 1995: Oldsmobile introduces the first GPS navigation system available in US production cars, called GuideStar.
- 1995: A device called "Mobile Assistant" or short, MASS, produced by Munich-based company ComRoad AG, won the title of "Best Product in Mobile Computing" in CeBit by Byte magazine. It offers turn-by-turn navigation over a wireless internet connection, with GPS and speed sensors in the car.
- 1997: The navigation system using Differential GPS was developed as an option installed at the factory on the Toyota Prius
- 1998: The first DVD-based navigation system was introduced at Toyota Progres.
- 2000: The United States makes more accurate GPS signals available for civilian use.
- 2003: Toyota introduces first hard disk-based navigation system and industry-first DVD-based navigation system with built-in electronic throttle control
- 2007: Toyota introduced Map on Demand, a technology to distribute map updates to car navigation systems, developed as the first of its kind in the world
- 2008: Brake relief system related to the world's first navigation system and Navigation system connected to Adaptive Variable Suspension System (NAVI/AI-AVS) at Toyota Crown
Maps Automotive navigation system
Technology
The path database is a vector map. The name or number of the street and the house number, as well as the destination (waypoint), is encoded as geographic coordinates. This allows the user to find the desired destination based on a street address or as a geographic coordinate. (See map of database management.)
The map data base format is almost uniform, without industry standards for satellite navigation maps, although some companies try to address this with SDAL and Data Navigation Standards (NDS). Map data vendors such as Tele Atlas and Navteq make basic maps in GDF (Geographic Data File) format, but each electronics manufacturer collects them in an optimized way, usually exclusively. GDF is not a standard CD for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted into CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system. CDF (CARiN Database Format) is a proprietary navigation map format created by Philips.
SDAL is a proprietary map format developed by Navteq, released royalty-free in the hope it will become the industry standard for digital navigation maps, not yet widely adopted by industry. Vendors that use this format include:
- Microsoft
- Magellan
- Pioneer
- Panasonic
- Clarion
- InfoGasi
The Data Navigation Initiative (NDS), is a grouping of automobile manufacturers, navigation systems suppliers, and map data suppliers whose goal is to standardize the data formats used in car navigation systems, and to enable map updating capabilities. The NDS effort began in 2004 and became a registered associate in 2009. Standardization will enhance interoperability, in particular by allowing the same navigation map to be used in navigation systems from 20 manufacturers. The companies involved include BMW, Volkswagen, Daimler, Renault, ADIT, Aisin AW, Alpine Electronics, Navigon, Navis-AMS, Bosch, DENSO, Mitsubishi, Harman International Industries, Panasonic, Preh Car Connect TechniSat, PTV, Continental AG, Clarion , Navteq, Navinfo, TomTom, and Zenrin.
Media
The path database can be stored in read-only solid state (ROM) memory, optical media (CD or DVD), solid state flash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a permanently stored base map in the ROM that can be supplemented with detailed information for areas of interest to users. ROM is always programmed at the factory; other media can be pre-programmed, downloaded from CD or DVD via computer or wireless connection (bluetooth, Wi-Fi), or directly used with the card reader.
Some navigational device makers provide free map updates for their customers. These updates are often obtained from vendor websites, which are accessed by connecting the navigation device to the PC.
Real-time data
Some systems may receive and display information about traffic congestion using TMC, RDS, or with GPRS/3G data transmission via mobile phones.
Integration and other functions
- The color LCD display on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display television or DVD movies.
- Some systems integrate (or communicate) with mobile phones for free speech and SMS messaging (i.e., using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi).
- Automotive navigation systems may include personal information management for meetings, which can be combined with traffic information systems and public transport.
Original plant equipment
Many vehicle manufacturers offer GPS navigation devices as an option in their vehicles. Customers whose vehicles are not shipped with GPS can purchase and retrofit the GPS units provided by the original manufacturer. In some cases this can be a direct "plug-and-play" installation if the required cables are already in the vehicle. However, with some manufacturers, new cables are required, making installation more complicated.
The main benefits of this approach are integrated installation and factory standards. Many native systems also contain gyrocompass and/or accelerometers and can accept inputs from vehicle speed sensors and inverted gear engagement signal output, allowing them to navigate through dead reckoning when a GPS signal is temporarily unavailable. However, the cost can be much higher than other options.
SMS
Setting points of interest in real-time and transmitting them over the GSM mobile phone network using Short Message Service (SMS) is referred to as Gps2sms. Some vehicles and ships are equipped with hardware that can automatically send SMS text messages when certain events occur, such as theft, anchor deviation or damage. The receiver (eg, Crane Truck) can store the waypoints in the computer system, draw a map showing the location, or view it in the automotive navigation system.
See also
- Augmented reality
- Automatic vehicle location
- Autonomous car
- GPS eXchange format
- GPS navigation device
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- Map database management
- Mapscape BV
- Mobile data terminal
- Standard Data Navigation (NDS)
- NavPix
- Navteq
- Personal navigation assistant (PNA)
- TomTom
- Traffic Messaging Channels (TMC)
- Hybride Navigation
References
GRACENOTE
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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