The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( NIDDK ) is part of the United States National Institutes of Health, which in turn is part of the Department of Health and Human Services. NIDDK is roughly the fifth largest of 27 NIH institutes. The mission of this institute is to support research, training, and communication with communities in the topic of "diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity, and kidney, urology, and hematologic diseases". In 2015, the Director of the institute is Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers, who took the position as an acting base in 2006 and permanently in 2007.
Video National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Missions
The mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is to conduct and support medical research and research training and to disseminate science-based information about diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; gastrointestinal diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity; and kidney, urology, and hematologic diseases, to improve the health and quality of human life.
Maps National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
History
The Institute to be NIDDK was founded in 1947 as the Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, which was then incorporated in 1950 by President Harry S Truman to the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease. The name of the institution was changed in 1972 into the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, again in 1981 to the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Gastrointestinal Diseases and Kidney, and by its present name in 1986 after the creation of a separate National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS).
Program
The NIDDK intramural research program is divided into ten branches conducting basic and clinical research at sites in Bethesda, Maryland and Phoenix, Arizona.
The out-of-school research program is divided into three divisions: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Disease; Digestive Disease and Nutrition; and Kidney, Urological Disease, and Hematology.
The NIDDK Director's Office also manages two important programs: the Minority Health Research Coordination Office, established to investigate differences in health outcomes for minority groups, and the Office of Obesity Research, which regulates research on obesity and metabolic diseases.
The Institute also conducts public health awareness campaigns on common, undiagnosed, and untreated diseases in its scope.
Repository Center
In 2003, NIDDK set up a Repository Center to share biological samples and research data with the research community. Three components - Data, Biosample, and Genetic Repository - receive submission of database archives, biological specimens, and blood and DNA samples, respectively, and are responsible for the proper storage, maintenance and distribution of the requested material to qualified researchers.
NIDDK Legislative Chronology
December 11, 1947 - The Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine was established under Section 202 of Public Law (P.L.) 78--410.
August 15, 1950 - The Omnibus Medical Research Act (PL 81--692) establishes NIAMD to "... conduct research related to the causes, prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and rheumatism and disease metabolites to assist and cultivate research and other activities by public and private institutions, and promote coordination of all such research, and to provide training in matters relating to diseases such as... "Section 431 also authorizes the US Surgeon General to establish national advisory council.
May 19, 1972 - President Richard M. Nixon signed P.L. 92--305 to re-emphasize the study of digestive diseases by renaming the Institute to the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases (NIAMDD) and by appointing a gastrointestinal committee within the National Advisory Council of the Institute.
July 23, 1974 - National Diabetes Mellitus Research and Education Act (P.L. 93--354) are signed. The National Commission for Diabetes, enacted by this law, was leased on 17 September 1974. This action authorizes a diabetes research and training center, and an intergovernmental coordination committee involving representatives from NIAMDD and six other NIH Institutions.
January 1975 - The National Arthritis Act of 1974 (P.L. 93--640) was signed into law for further research, education, and training in the area of ​​connective tissue diseases. This action authorizes the creation of a national commission, research and training center for arthritis and rheumatic diseases, data banks, and overall plans to investigate the epidemiology, etiology, control and prevention of this disorder.
October 1976 - Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive Diseases The 1976 Amendment (PL 94--562) established the National Diabetes Advisory Council, tasked with advising Congress and Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) Secretaries in implementing > Long Term Plan to Combat Diabetes developed by the National Diabetes Commission. The law also establishes the National Commission for Digestive Diseases to investigate the incidence, duration, death rate, and social and economic impact of gastrointestinal diseases.
December 1980 - Title II of Extension Program Health Program 1980, P.L. 96-538, changed the name of the Institute to National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The Act also established the National Digestive Disease Advisory Council. The law authorizes the National Diabetes Information Center, the Diabetes Data Group, and the National Digestive Information and Education Center. In addition, it reauthorized the advisory council for arthritis and diabetes research.
November 20, 1985 - The Health Research Extension Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-158) changed the name of the Institute to National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The action also formed the National Kidney Disease Advisory Board and Urology. The law grants parallel special authority to all operational divisions, including the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse authorizations; National Kidney Disease Coordination Committee, Urology and Hematology; Kidney Disease Data System and National Urology; National Digestive Disease Data System; Kidney and Urology Research Center; and Research Center for Digestive Diseases.
June 10, 1993 - The 1993 NIH Revitalization Act (PL 103--43) establishes NIDDK as the premier Institute for Nutritional and Obesity Disorders, including the establishment of research and training centers in nutritional and obesity disorders. This action is also provided for the director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Dental Research, and NIDDK to expand and intensify research and related programs regarding osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and bone-related disorders.
July 25, 1997 - A House report accompanies HR 2264 and the Senate report with S. 1061, the FY 1998 bill for Labor/HHS/Education, urges NIH and NIDDK to establish a diabetes research working group to develop a comprehensive plan for a NIH-funded diabetes study that would recommend future initiatives and direction. Dr. C. Ronald Kahn, chair of the diabetes research work group, presented "Conquering Diabetes, 21st Century Strategic Plans" to Congress on March 23, 1999.
August 5, 1997 - The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (PL 105-33), promptly amended by the Taxpayer Assistance Act of 1997 (PL 105-34), provides the Special Statute Program Funding for Type 1 Diabetes Research (now Section 330B of the Health Service Act). This law provides $ 30 million per year for FY 1998 through FY 2002. (This program has been extended and has increased funding in subsequent years.) This funding program adds regularly adjusted HHS funding to diabetes research through allocations labor-HHS-Education committee. The NIDDK, through the authority granted by the HHS Secretary, has a leadership role in planning, administering, and evaluating this allocation of funds. In line with the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research , P.L. 105-33 also established the Indian Specialized Diabetes Program, which is managed by the Indian Health Service.
October 17, 2000 - Title IV, Section 402 of the Children's Health Act of 2000 (PL 106--310) entitled "Reducing the Burden of Diabetes between Children and Adolescents" stipulates that NIH does long-term epidemiological studies, supporting regional clinical research centers, and providing a national preventive effort relative to type 1 diabetes.
December 21, 2000 - The FIA ​​Consolidated Use Act (PL 106-554) raises funding for the Special Type Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research to $ 100 million year for FY 2001 and FY 2002, and extend the program at a rate of $ 100 million for FY 2003.
December 17, 2002 - The Amendment of the Public Health Services Act related to diabetes research (PL 107-360) is extended and augmented by the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million per year for type 1 diabetes research from FY 2004 through FY 2008.
December 8, 2003 - Title VII, Subtitle D, Section 733 Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (PL 108-173) authorizes NIDDK to transplant pancreatic islet transplants. trial that includes Medicare recipients. Medicare will include regular fees, transplants, and related items and services suitable for Medicare recipients enrolled in the trial.
October 25, 2004 - The 2004 Pancreatic Ispl Cell Transplant Act (PL 108-362) changed the Public Health Service Act to increase the supply of pancreatic islet cells for research and provide better coordination of federal efforts and information about islet cell transplantation. A provision of this law provides that the annual report prepared by the NIDDK-led Diabetes Mellitus Interfacial Coordination Committee includes an assessment of the activities and federal programs associated with pancreatic island transplantation.
September 2004 - Reports accompanying the Senate Bill and House Labor, HHS, and Education FY 2005 (Senate Report 108-345 and House Report108-636) called on NIH and HHS to establish a national commission on gastrointestinal diseases to develop long-term research plan. The NIH director then established the National Commission for Digestive Disease under the leadership of NIDDK in August 2005.
December 29, 2007 - Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007 (PL 110-173) extend funding for the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million for Type 1 diabetes research in FY 2009.
July 15, 2008 - The Medicare Upgrades for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-275) extend funding for the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million annually for research of type 1 diabetes in FY 2010 and FY 2011.
February 17, 2009 - President Barack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) in 2009 (P.L. 111--5), providing NIH with a two-year infusion of funding. NIDDK developed a plan to use its share of ARRA funds to meet the stimulus goals set forth in the Recovery Act. This funding supports a wide range of biomedical research efforts throughout the Institute's research mission.
June 15, 2010 - H. Res. 1444, a bipartisan resolution recognizing the 60th anniversary of NIDDK, was introduced.
December 15, 2010 - Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-309) extend funding for the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million annually for research type 1 diabetes in FY 2012 and FY 2013.
January 2, 2013 - The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240) extends funding for the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million for Type 1 diabetes research in FY 2014.
April 1, 2014 - Protecting Access to the Medicare Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-93) extending the Special Law Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research . The law provides $ 150 million for research type 1 diabetes in FY 2015.
NIDDK Leading intramural scientists at the United States National Academy of Sciences
Chemical Physics Laboratory
Iklan Bax, G. Marius Clore, William Eaton, William Hagins (1928-2012), Attila Szabo, Robert Zwanzig (1928-2014)
Molecular Biology Laboratory
David Davies (1927-2016), Gary Felsenfeld, Martin Gellert, Terrell Hill (1917-2014), Kiyoshi Mizuuchi, Wei Yang
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics
Herb Tabor, Reed Wickner
Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
John W. Daly (1933-2008), Bernhard Witkop (1917-2010)
Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrinology
Martin Rodbell (1925-1998)
Clinical Endocrinology Branch
Ed Rall (1920-2008)
Branch of Metabolic Disease
Gerald Auerbach (1927-1991)
References
External links
- Official website
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